Influência da distância da água na eficiência de conversão de energia em sistemas fotovoltaicos flutuantes
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Data
2017-12-19
Autores
Gasparin, Elóy Esteves
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido à alta demanda da substituição de fontes de energia que utilizam combustíveis fósseis por fontes de energia renovável, a ciência atual busca maximizar a eficiência das fontes renováveis para que sejam economicamente competitivas no mercado. Grande parte da liderança brasileira neste campo se deve à fonte hidráulica, que impacta negativamente o meio ambiente e as populações ribeirinhas. Assim, outras fontes renováveis como a eólica e a solar têm aumentado sua participação na matriz energética do país. Diante deste contexto, sistemas fotovoltaicos com alta eficiência podem aumentar a participação da energia solar na matriz interna de energia elétrica do Brasil. Os sistemas fotovoltaicos flutuantes são 11% mais eficientes do que os sistemas instalados em terra devido às menores temperaturas de operação. Para determinar se a umidade relativa do ar tem influência na eficiência das plantas flutuantes, neste trabalho, a partir de uma análise numérica, avaliou se a eficiência de conversão de energia é influenciada pela distância entre a superfície da água e o módulo fotovoltaico flutuante. Além disso, estudou dois tipos diferentes de módulos fotovoltaicos (monocristalinos e flexíveis) durante as quatro estações do ano, avaliando suas peculiaridades. A Planta Fotovoltaica de Rosana/SP foi utilizada como base para formulação dos modelos físicos, que resultaram em um modelo matemático solucionado através do Método de Volumes Finitos nos softwares FLUENT® e MECHANICAL® do pacote ANSYS®. As quatro distâncias simuladas (100, 300, 600 e 900mm) determinaram que os modelos físico e matemático adotados não captaram de forma conclusiva se as temperaturas de operação dos módulos diminuem com a aproximação da superfície da água. A potência gerada por um módulo monocristalino é 38,8% maior do que a gerada por um módulo flexível, no entanto os monocristalinos são dez vezes mais sensíveis à temperatura de operação. Para a mesma capacidade (25kW), a geração efetiva de energia da planta de módulos flexíveis é 9,1% maior devido à área de incidência receber 63,3% mais irradiação solar. As menores eficiências elétricas ocorrem no Verão/Primavera, entretanto, as plantas geram 30% mais energia em relação ao Outono/Inverno. Na atualidade, os módulos monocristalinos possuem melhor aplicabilidade do que os flexíveis, pois possuem maior eficiência elétrica, mesmo utilizando estruturas de suporte mais robustas.
Due to the high demand for the replacement of energy sources that use fossil fuels by renewable energy sources, the current science seeks to maximize the efficiency of renewable sources to them be economically competitive in the market. Much of the Brazilian leadership in this field is due to the hydraulic source, which negatively impacts the environment and the riverine populations. Thus, other renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energies have increased their participation in the country's energy matrix. Given this context, photovoltaic systems with high efficiency can increase the participation of solar energy in the internal matrix of electric energy of Brazil. Floating photovoltaic systems are 11% more efficient than onshore systems due to lower operating temperatures. To determine if the relative humidity of the air influences the efficiency of the floating plants; in this work, based on a numerical analysis, it was evaluated whether the energy conversion efficiency is influenced by the distance between the water surface and the floating photovoltaic module. In addition, it was studied two different types of photovoltaic modules (monocrystalline and flexible) during the 4 seasons of the year, evaluating its peculiarities. The Rosana/SP Photovoltaic Plant was used as the basis for the formulation of the physical models, which resulted in a mathematical model solved through the Finite Volume Method in the FLUENT® and MECHANICAL® softwares of the ANSYS® package. The four simulated distances (100, 300, 600 and 900mm) determined that the physical and mathematical models adopted did not capture in a conclusive way whether the operating temperatures of the modules decrease with the approximation of the water surface. The power generated by a monocrystalline module is 38.8% greater than that generated by a flexible module, however the monocrystalline is ten times more sensitive to the operating temperature. For the same capacity (25kW), the effective power generation of the flexible module plant is 9.1% higher due to the incidence area receiving 63.3% more solar irradiation. The lowest electrical efficiencies occur in the Summer/Spring season, but generate 30% more energy compared to Fall/Winter season. Currently, the monocrystalline modules have better applicability than the flexible ones because they have greater electrical efficiency, even using more robust support structures.
Due to the high demand for the replacement of energy sources that use fossil fuels by renewable energy sources, the current science seeks to maximize the efficiency of renewable sources to them be economically competitive in the market. Much of the Brazilian leadership in this field is due to the hydraulic source, which negatively impacts the environment and the riverine populations. Thus, other renewable energy sources such as wind and solar energies have increased their participation in the country's energy matrix. Given this context, photovoltaic systems with high efficiency can increase the participation of solar energy in the internal matrix of electric energy of Brazil. Floating photovoltaic systems are 11% more efficient than onshore systems due to lower operating temperatures. To determine if the relative humidity of the air influences the efficiency of the floating plants; in this work, based on a numerical analysis, it was evaluated whether the energy conversion efficiency is influenced by the distance between the water surface and the floating photovoltaic module. In addition, it was studied two different types of photovoltaic modules (monocrystalline and flexible) during the 4 seasons of the year, evaluating its peculiarities. The Rosana/SP Photovoltaic Plant was used as the basis for the formulation of the physical models, which resulted in a mathematical model solved through the Finite Volume Method in the FLUENT® and MECHANICAL® softwares of the ANSYS® package. The four simulated distances (100, 300, 600 and 900mm) determined that the physical and mathematical models adopted did not capture in a conclusive way whether the operating temperatures of the modules decrease with the approximation of the water surface. The power generated by a monocrystalline module is 38.8% greater than that generated by a flexible module, however the monocrystalline is ten times more sensitive to the operating temperature. For the same capacity (25kW), the effective power generation of the flexible module plant is 9.1% higher due to the incidence area receiving 63.3% more solar irradiation. The lowest electrical efficiencies occur in the Summer/Spring season, but generate 30% more energy compared to Fall/Winter season. Currently, the monocrystalline modules have better applicability than the flexible ones because they have greater electrical efficiency, even using more robust support structures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Plantas fotovoltaicas flutuantes, Energia solar, Eficiência elétrica, Distância da superfície da água, Módulos monocristalino e flexível, Floating photovoltaic plants, Solar energy, Electrical efficiency, Distance from water surface, Monocrystalline and flexible module