Uma análise exploratória de barreiras na implementação do plano de mobilidade urbana nas cidades de pequeno e médio porte no estado de São Paulo
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Data
2017-11-28
Autores
Santos, Ana Laura Lordelo dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo objetiva contribuir com a promoção de uma mobilidade sustentável através da identificação das principais barreiras que dificultam a implementação dos Planos de Mobilidade Urbana (PMU) , e m conformidade com a Lei n.12.587/2012, retardando o alcance e evolução de cidades mais sustentáveis e acessíveis. Tal identificação pode apoiar o planejamento estratégico através de informações objetivas que podem ser usadas para aconselhar políticos e de mais partes interessadas na promoção da mobilidade urbana sustentável nas cidades de pequeno e médio porte do Estado de São Paulo. Para responder esta questão foi utilizada uma pesquisa exploratória e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada através d o procedimento do tipo survey , utilizando um questionário semiestruturado enviado aos gestores públicos de cidades de pequeno e médio porte responsáveis pela mobilidade urbana , bem como para especialistas sobre o tema. Houve diferenças entre a percepção de barreiras entre os municípios de pequeno e médio porte, bem como entre os municípios e os especialistas. Para os municípios as principais barreiras encontram - se nas barreiras de recursos e nas barreiras sociais e culturais, já para os especialistas as bar reiras práticas e tecnológicas e as barreiras institucionais e políticas foram as mais relevantes. Na barreira de recursos foram apontadas limitações orçamentárias para investir em sistemas de transportes mais sustentáveis, limitações orçamentárias para a implementação das medidas propostas, bem como o repasse insuficiente de verbas do governo federal para a mobilidade urbana. Nas barreiras sociais e culturais as principais dificuldades são a falta de participação pública na elaboração do PMU, dificuldades em adotar soluções que atendam às necessidades dos diferentes atores envolvidos, e dificuldade em conciliar as necessidades da população aos serviços e infraestrutura disponíveis. Também foram relevantes a ausência de uma base de dados integrada, falta de mão de obra qualificada dentro da prefeitura e a dependência de outros setores para a adoção de soluções para a mobilidade.
The present study aims to contribute to the promotion of sustainable mobility by identifying the barriers that are an impediment for Urban Mobility Plans (UMP) implementation in accordance with Law no. 1287//2012, delaying the achieve ment and evolution of more sustainable and acce ssible cities. Thus, aim to support strategic planning through objective information that can be used to advise politicians and other interested parties in the promotion of sustainable urban mobility in the small and medium - sized cities of the State of São Paulo. To answer this question it was used an exploratory and quantitative analysis and the data collection was performed through the survey procedure using a semi - structured questionnaire , which was sent to public managers of small and medium - sized citie s, as well as experts on the subject. There were differences between the perception of barriers between small and medium sized municipalities, as well as between municipalities and specialists. For municipalities, the main barriers are found in resource ba rriers and in social and cultural barriers, while for practitioners, practical and technological barriers and institutional and political barriers were the most relevant. In the resource barrier, there were budgetary constraints to invest in more sustainab le transport systems, budget constraints for the implementation of the proposed measures, as well as the insufficient transfer of funds from the federal government to urban mobility. In social and cultural barriers the main difficulties are the lack of pub lic participation in the elaboration of the U MP, difficulties in adopting solutions that meet the needs of the different actors involved, and it is difficult to reconcile the needs of the population with the available services and infrastructure. Also rele vant were the absence of an integrated database, lack of skilled manpower within the city hall and dependence on other sectors for the adoption of mobility solutions.
The present study aims to contribute to the promotion of sustainable mobility by identifying the barriers that are an impediment for Urban Mobility Plans (UMP) implementation in accordance with Law no. 1287//2012, delaying the achieve ment and evolution of more sustainable and acce ssible cities. Thus, aim to support strategic planning through objective information that can be used to advise politicians and other interested parties in the promotion of sustainable urban mobility in the small and medium - sized cities of the State of São Paulo. To answer this question it was used an exploratory and quantitative analysis and the data collection was performed through the survey procedure using a semi - structured questionnaire , which was sent to public managers of small and medium - sized citie s, as well as experts on the subject. There were differences between the perception of barriers between small and medium sized municipalities, as well as between municipalities and specialists. For municipalities, the main barriers are found in resource ba rriers and in social and cultural barriers, while for practitioners, practical and technological barriers and institutional and political barriers were the most relevant. In the resource barrier, there were budgetary constraints to invest in more sustainab le transport systems, budget constraints for the implementation of the proposed measures, as well as the insufficient transfer of funds from the federal government to urban mobility. In social and cultural barriers the main difficulties are the lack of pub lic participation in the elaboration of the U MP, difficulties in adopting solutions that meet the needs of the different actors involved, and it is difficult to reconcile the needs of the population with the available services and infrastructure. Also rele vant were the absence of an integrated database, lack of skilled manpower within the city hall and dependence on other sectors for the adoption of mobility solutions.
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Palavras-chave
Mobilidade urbana, Plano de mobilidade, Barreiras, Transporte sustentável, Urban mobility, Mobility plan, Barriers, Sustainable transport