Barreiras à prática de atividade física em indivíduos com doença de Alzheimer no município de Rio Claro – SP
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Data
2017-11-28
Autores
Pereira, Jessica Rodrigues [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A literatura aponta que um estilo de vida saudável é um fator benéfico ao envelhecimento, fazendo parte desse estilo de vida saudável a prática regular de atividade física. A presença de doenças pode ser um fator que dificulta a prática de atividade física, tornando-se assim uma barreira. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) pode ser um desses fatores que agem como barreira. Considerando-se que na DA a prática de atividade física é considerada como tratamento não farmacológico, será que os pacientes com a doença estão praticando-a em frequência e intensidade ideais? O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as principais barreiras que dificultam a prática de atividade física em pacientes com doença de Alzheimer. Este estudo tem um delineamento de corte transversal, de caráter epidemiológico de base populacional. Foram avaliados 104 idosos residentes na zona urbana do município de Rio Claro – SP, uma cidade interiorana e de porte médio. O processo de amostragem foi realizado por meio de consulta a serviços públicos e particulares de saúde que encaminhou idosos com diagnóstico clínico de DA para a pesquisa. O participante com DA e seu cuidador responderam a uma entrevista por meio de testes e questionários, com duração aproximada de 45 minutos. Dentre os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados, destacam-se: Questionário de Barreiras à Prática de Atividades Físicas (QBPAF); Questionário Complementar (CQ), que foi elaborado para se avaliar possíveis barreiras diretamente relacionadas a DA; Questionário Qualitativo (QQ) sobre hábitos de prática de atividades físicas. Em relação ao QBPAF as principais barreiras encontradas na visão do cuidador são: 1) Depender de outras pessoas para praticar; 2) Não se lembrar de praticar; e 3) Necessidade de descansar e relaxar no tempo livre. Quanto as barreiras percebidas pelos pacientes destacam-se: 1) Já se considerar suficientemente ativo; 2) Não se lembrar de praticar; e 3) Não ter tempo livre o suficiente. O QC apontou ainda como barreira o paciente ficar confuso com relação ao local e horário da atividade e sentir dificuldade de se engajar em atividades sociais. Quanto ao QQ, observou-se que embora os cuidadores reconheçam a importância da prática de atividade física, estes julgam que faltam profissionais capacitados para lidar com idosos com DA, dificuldade de disponibilidade dos próprios cuidadores em atender as demandas do paciente e que projetos que atendam idosos com patologias devam ter maior abrangência. Assim, conclui-se que dentre todas as barreiras encontradas a dependência de um cuidador pode ser determinante no estilo de vida do paciente.
The literature points out that a healthy lifestyle is a beneficial factor to aging, including the regular practice of physical activity. The presence of diseases can be a factor that hinders a practice of physical activity, thus becoming a barrier. Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be one of the factors that act as a barrier. Considering that in AD the practice of physical activity is reputable as non-pharmacological treatment, is it that the patients with the disease are practicing it at optimal frequency and intensity? The aim of this study was to analyze as main barriers that impede a practice of physical activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present study had a cross-sectional, epidemiologically based population-based design. A total of 104 elderly people living in the urban area of the city of Rio Claro - SP, an interior and medium-sized city, were evaluated. The sampling process was performed through consultation with public and private health services that referred elderly with clinical diagnosis of AD for research. The participant with AD and their caregiver answered an interview through tests and questionnaires, which lasted approximately 45 minutes. Among the evaluation instruments used, in particular: Questionnaire on Barriers to Practice of Physical Activities (QBPAF); Supplementary Questionnaire (QC), which was prepared for a category of AD-related direct barriers; Qualitative Questionnaire (QQ) about habits of physical activity practice. Regarding the QBPAF as main barriers found in the caregiver's vision are: 1) Relying on other people to practice; 2) Do not remember to practice; and 3) Need to rest and relax without free time. As for barriers perceived by outstanding patients: 1) Already considered active enough; 2) Do not remember to practice; and 3) you do not have enough time available. The QC also pointed out as a barrier the patient was confused about the place and time of the activity and felt difficulty in engaging in activities. Regarding QQ, it was observed that most caregivers recognized the importance of practicing physical activity, which they consider to be lacking professionals capable of dealing with elderly people with AD, difficulty of availability of the caregivers themselves in attendance as demands of the patient and elderly projects with pathologies should have greater comprehensive coverage. Thus, it is concluded that among all barriers as found dependence of a caregiver can be determinant in the patient's lifestyle.
The literature points out that a healthy lifestyle is a beneficial factor to aging, including the regular practice of physical activity. The presence of diseases can be a factor that hinders a practice of physical activity, thus becoming a barrier. Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be one of the factors that act as a barrier. Considering that in AD the practice of physical activity is reputable as non-pharmacological treatment, is it that the patients with the disease are practicing it at optimal frequency and intensity? The aim of this study was to analyze as main barriers that impede a practice of physical activity in patients with Alzheimer's disease. The present study had a cross-sectional, epidemiologically based population-based design. A total of 104 elderly people living in the urban area of the city of Rio Claro - SP, an interior and medium-sized city, were evaluated. The sampling process was performed through consultation with public and private health services that referred elderly with clinical diagnosis of AD for research. The participant with AD and their caregiver answered an interview through tests and questionnaires, which lasted approximately 45 minutes. Among the evaluation instruments used, in particular: Questionnaire on Barriers to Practice of Physical Activities (QBPAF); Supplementary Questionnaire (QC), which was prepared for a category of AD-related direct barriers; Qualitative Questionnaire (QQ) about habits of physical activity practice. Regarding the QBPAF as main barriers found in the caregiver's vision are: 1) Relying on other people to practice; 2) Do not remember to practice; and 3) Need to rest and relax without free time. As for barriers perceived by outstanding patients: 1) Already considered active enough; 2) Do not remember to practice; and 3) you do not have enough time available. The QC also pointed out as a barrier the patient was confused about the place and time of the activity and felt difficulty in engaging in activities. Regarding QQ, it was observed that most caregivers recognized the importance of practicing physical activity, which they consider to be lacking professionals capable of dealing with elderly people with AD, difficulty of availability of the caregivers themselves in attendance as demands of the patient and elderly projects with pathologies should have greater comprehensive coverage. Thus, it is concluded that among all barriers as found dependence of a caregiver can be determinant in the patient's lifestyle.
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Palavras-chave
Doença de Alzheimer, Atividade física, Barreiras, Alzheimer's disease, Physical activity, Barriers