Análise de impacto regulatório tarifário da inserção de microgeração fotovoltaica em consumidores residenciais
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Data
2017-11-29
Autores
Wanderley, Rhasla Ramos Abrão
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diante das constantes mudanças nas regulamentações do setor elétrico, há necessidade de se realizar análises de impactos dessas regulamentações nos setores envolvidos, como consumidores e distribuidoras de energia elétrica.O Brasil tem aprimorado constantemente as regulamentações do setor de geração distribuída. As melhorias feitas partem de pesquisas realizadas em universidades, projetos de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, e consultas públicas. Além dessa inovação no setor residencial, a Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL) regulamentou uma nova modalidade tarifária, a tarifa branca, que é uma tarifa horária (Time-of-Use), com3 postos horários diferentes ao longo do dia, cada um com um valor de tarifa, com o objetivo de incentivar o deslocamento da carga dos horários mais sobrecarregados do sistema elétrico para horários ociosos. Esta regulamentação entrará em vigor a partir de janeiro de 2018 e por ser uma modalidade diferente da que os consumidores estão acostumados, há a necessidade de verificar os impactos deste tipo de tarifa no consumidor residencial considerando seus hábitos de consumo atuais e verificando a influência desta tarifa nos consumidores que estiverem dispostos a mudar seus hábitos de consumo. A proposta desta tese é apresentar os impactos desta nova modalidade tarifária em consumidores residenciais com microgeração fotovoltaica, considerando situações com consumo atual e com deslocamento de carga, através do desenvolvimento de uma metodologiacapaz de realizar simulação para quaisquer valores de consumo, geração fotovoltaica e localidade de instalação do sistema fotovoltaico. Através das análises realizadas foi possível identificar que a tarifa horária em conjunto com a microgeração fotovoltaica foram mais vantajosas para o consumidor com consumo maior que 500 kWh e que este mesmo consumidor obtém mais benefícios quando consegue deslocar sua carga do horário de ponta para fora de ponta.
In the face of constant changes in the regulations of the electricity sector, there is a need to analyse the impacts of these regulations on the sectors involved, such as electricity consumers and distributors. Brazil has presented a constant growth of photovoltaic microgeneration installations in residential consumers connected to the electric grid and has constantly improved the regulations of the distributed generation sector. The improvements made in these regulations are based on research carried out in universities, Research and Development projects, and public consultations. In addition to this innovation in the residential sector, the National Electric Energy Agency has regulated a new tariff modality, the white tariff, which is a Time-of-Use tariff, with 3 different timetables throughout the day, each with a with the objective of encouraging the shift of the load from the overloaded hours of the electrical system to idle schedules. This regulation will come into effect from January 2018 and since it is a different modality from which consumers are accustomed, there is a need to verify the impacts of this type of tariff on the residential consumer considering their current consumption habits and verifying the influence of this tariff consumers who are willing to change their consumption habits. The purpose of this thesis is to present the impacts of this new tariff modality on residential consumers with photovoltaic microgeneration, considering situations with current consumption and load displacement. Through the analyzes made it possible to identify that the time off use tariff with the photovoltaic microgeneration were more advantageous for the consumer with consumption greater than 500 kWh and that this same consumer obtains more benefits when he is able to move his load from peak to off peak times.
In the face of constant changes in the regulations of the electricity sector, there is a need to analyse the impacts of these regulations on the sectors involved, such as electricity consumers and distributors. Brazil has presented a constant growth of photovoltaic microgeneration installations in residential consumers connected to the electric grid and has constantly improved the regulations of the distributed generation sector. The improvements made in these regulations are based on research carried out in universities, Research and Development projects, and public consultations. In addition to this innovation in the residential sector, the National Electric Energy Agency has regulated a new tariff modality, the white tariff, which is a Time-of-Use tariff, with 3 different timetables throughout the day, each with a with the objective of encouraging the shift of the load from the overloaded hours of the electrical system to idle schedules. This regulation will come into effect from January 2018 and since it is a different modality from which consumers are accustomed, there is a need to verify the impacts of this type of tariff on the residential consumer considering their current consumption habits and verifying the influence of this tariff consumers who are willing to change their consumption habits. The purpose of this thesis is to present the impacts of this new tariff modality on residential consumers with photovoltaic microgeneration, considering situations with current consumption and load displacement. Through the analyzes made it possible to identify that the time off use tariff with the photovoltaic microgeneration were more advantageous for the consumer with consumption greater than 500 kWh and that this same consumer obtains more benefits when he is able to move his load from peak to off peak times.
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Palavras-chave
Microgeração fotovoltaica, Tarifa horária, Impacto regulatório, Photovoltaic microgeneration, Time-of-use tariff, Regulatory impact