Avaliação qualitativa de métodos de tratamento de sementes de soja
Carregando...
Data
2017-12-06
Autores
Del Bem Junior, Luciano
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O tratamento de sementes se caracteriza por ser um processo capaz de erradicar e/ou prevenir patógenos e pragas que podem causar prejuízos às sementes. O método de tratamento de sementes pode influenciar no desprendimento de poeira, desempenho na plantabilidade, além de ocasionar diminuição da dose por semente quando realizado de maneira não uniforme. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do tratamento fitossanitário de sementes de soja pelos métodos on farm e industrial (TIS) sobre abrasão, geração de poeira, fluidez e plantabilidade, a fim de obter melhor qualidade do produto final e a otimização deste processo. Para as avaliações, o estudo contou com cinco tratamentos: on farm – fungicida + inseticida + água; TIS - fungicida + inseticida + polímero; TIS - fungicida + inseticida + polímero + pó secante; TIS - fungicida + inseticida + polímero + pó secante + fertilizante mineral; testemunha (sem tratamento). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado para todos os testes. Para o tratamento on farm utilizou-se betoneira com acionamento elétrico, tratando 10 kg de sementes. No TIS foi utilizada máquina de tratamento de sementes por batelada, equipada com disco de atomização rotativo. A poeira foi determinada pelo teste dust-off e os tratamentos distribuídos no esquema fatorial 5 x 4, cinco tratamentos de sementes e quatro intervalos de tempo (2; 32; 62 e 92 dias após tratamento), com quatro repetições. O teste de abrasão foi conduzido em friabilômetro, seguindo o mesmo delineamento no esquema fatorial 5 x 3, cinco tratamentos de sementes e três posições de inserção do papel-filtro, com quatro repetições. Após este procedimento efetuou-se a análise de desprendimento do tratamento das sementes por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), no esquema fatorial 4 x 2, quatro tratamentos e duas condições de abrasão (antes e após o teste). Já na avaliação da fluidez das sementes utilizou-se funil Niklas®, onde foi conduzido o teste no esquema fatorial 5 x 4, com cinco tratamentos e quatro intervalos de tempo (0; 7; 14 e 21 min. após o tratamento), com seis repetições, a fim de quantificar o tempo de secagem de cada tratamento. A plantabilidade das sementes foi determinada em simulador do sistema pneumático, por meio da contagem de falhas, sementes duplas e múltiplas, no esquema fatorial 5 x 4, cinco tratamentos e quatro velocidades, em quatro repetições. Pelos testes dust-off e abrasão, as sementes tratadas com polímero, sem adição do fertilizante mineral, obtiveram os menores valores de resíduo tóxico. As análises em HPLC evidenciaram que nos tratamentos com polímero houve menor perda do inseticida. Pelo teste de fluidez o tratamento com pó secante, sem fertilizante mineral, apresentou menor tempo de secagem das sementes e, portanto, maior fluidez. As sementes cobertas com pó secante reduziram os valores de falhas e sementes duplas até a velocidade de 6 km h-1.
The seed treatment is characterized by being a process capable of eradicating and / or preventing pathogens and pests that can damage the seeds. Seed treatment method can influence the release of dust, performance in planting, and cause seed dose reduction when performed in an uneven manner. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seeds phytosanitary treatment by on farm and industrial methods (IST) on abrasion, dust generation, flowability and plantability, in order to obtain better final product quality and optimization of this product process. For the evaluations, the study had five treatments: on farm - fungicide + insecticide + water; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer + drying powder; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer + drying powder + mineral fertilizer; control (without treatment). The experimental design was completely randomized for all tests. For the on farm treatment, an electric mixer was used, treating 10 kg of seeds. In the IST was used a batch seed treater, equipped with rotary atomizing disk. The dust was determined by the dust-off test and the treatments were distributed in the 5 x 4 factorial scheme, five seed treatments and four time intervals (2, 32, 62 and 92 days after treatment), with four replications. The abrasion test was conducted in a friabilometer, following the same design in the 5 x 3 factorial scheme, five seed treatments and three insertion positions of the filter paper, with four replications. After this procedure the seed treatment was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four treatments and two abrasion conditions (before and after the test). The Niklas® funnel was used to evaluate the fluidity of the seeds, conducting in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five treatments and four-time intervals (0, 7, 14 and 21 min after treatment), with six replicates, in order to quantify the drying time of each treatment. Seed plantability was determined in a pneumatic system simulator, by counting faults, double and multiple seeds, in a factorial scheme 5 x 4, with five treatments and four speeds, in four replications. By the dust-off and abrasion tests, the seeds treated with polymer, without addition of the mineral fertilizer, obtained the lowest amounts of toxic residue. The HPLC analysis showed that in the polymer treatments there was less insecticide loss. In the fluidity test, the treatment with drying powder and without mineral fertilizer presented a lower drying time of the seeds and, therefore, a higher fluidity. The seeds covered with drying powder reduced the number of fault and double seeds up to the speed of 6 km h-1.
The seed treatment is characterized by being a process capable of eradicating and / or preventing pathogens and pests that can damage the seeds. Seed treatment method can influence the release of dust, performance in planting, and cause seed dose reduction when performed in an uneven manner. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of soybean seeds phytosanitary treatment by on farm and industrial methods (IST) on abrasion, dust generation, flowability and plantability, in order to obtain better final product quality and optimization of this product process. For the evaluations, the study had five treatments: on farm - fungicide + insecticide + water; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer + drying powder; IST - fungicide + insecticide + polymer + drying powder + mineral fertilizer; control (without treatment). The experimental design was completely randomized for all tests. For the on farm treatment, an electric mixer was used, treating 10 kg of seeds. In the IST was used a batch seed treater, equipped with rotary atomizing disk. The dust was determined by the dust-off test and the treatments were distributed in the 5 x 4 factorial scheme, five seed treatments and four time intervals (2, 32, 62 and 92 days after treatment), with four replications. The abrasion test was conducted in a friabilometer, following the same design in the 5 x 3 factorial scheme, five seed treatments and three insertion positions of the filter paper, with four replications. After this procedure the seed treatment was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in the 4 x 2 factorial scheme, four treatments and two abrasion conditions (before and after the test). The Niklas® funnel was used to evaluate the fluidity of the seeds, conducting in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five treatments and four-time intervals (0, 7, 14 and 21 min after treatment), with six replicates, in order to quantify the drying time of each treatment. Seed plantability was determined in a pneumatic system simulator, by counting faults, double and multiple seeds, in a factorial scheme 5 x 4, with five treatments and four speeds, in four replications. By the dust-off and abrasion tests, the seeds treated with polymer, without addition of the mineral fertilizer, obtained the lowest amounts of toxic residue. The HPLC analysis showed that in the polymer treatments there was less insecticide loss. In the fluidity test, the treatment with drying powder and without mineral fertilizer presented a lower drying time of the seeds and, therefore, a higher fluidity. The seeds covered with drying powder reduced the number of fault and double seeds up to the speed of 6 km h-1.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Tratamento industrial, Redução de poeira, Polímero, Plantabilidade, Industrial treatment, Dust reduction, Polymer, Plantability