A utilização do salto vertical para monitoramento agudo e crônico do treinamento concorrente e de força
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Data
2017-12-18
Autores
Parmezzani, Sergio Souza
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O treinamento concorrente (TC) é uma estratégia eficaz para desenvolver a aptidão aeróbia e força. Contudo, parece que o TC pode apresentar interferência nos ganhos de força, sendo assim, a análise aguda e crônica do salto vertical (SV) podem ser consideradas como uma ferramenta importante para o monitoramento da força. Dessa forma, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar a resposta aguda e crônica do TC e treinamento de força (TF) no SV. Para tanto, a amostra consistiu de 21 homens fisicamente ativos, randomizados em dois grupos: concorrente (n= 11; 28,45 ± 3,8 anos; 75,18 ± 7,73 Kg; 178,1 ± 6 cm) (GC) e força (GF) (n= 10; 25,5 ± 2,9 anos; 78 ± 11,8 Kg; 178,2 ± 7 cm). O TF consistiu em quatro exercício para membro inferior e quatro para membro superior, intercalados entre si (três séries de oito a 12 repetições máximas). O TC foi realizado de forma intermitente de alta intensidade (TIAI) (1:1) a 100% da Vmax, até que os sujeitos completassem cinco km, associado ao TF na mesma sessão de treinamento. O SV foi realizado pré e pós sessão de treinamento em uma plataforma de salto da marca Cefise® (Nova Odessa, Brasil) na modalidade Squat Jump, na 1a, 2a, 4a, 8a e 10a semana de treinamento. Para o tratamento estatístico foi realizado o teste de normalidade Kolmogorov-Smirnov, seguido pelo teste T-independentevisando comparar as variáveis (idade, massa corporal, massa gorda, massa magra de membro inferior, estatura, IMC, Vmax, V̇O2max, SV, tonelagem total, tonelagem de membro inferior e RM) no momento pré intervenção entre o GF e GC. Em ambas as etapas, um (aguda) e dois (crônica), foi realizada a analise de medidas repetidas e ANOVA e Post-Hoc de Bonferroni. Para primeira etapa não foi encontrado efeito para altura, delta absoluto (Δ abs) e percentual (Δ %) do salto. Na etapa dois, nenhum efeito foi observado na V̇O2max, já para Vmax, houve efeito entre grupos. Não houve efeito para massa magra de membro inferior. Para a tonelagem total e de membro inferior, houve efeito para momento. Desta forma, é possivel concluir que o TC e TF são capazes de melhorar a força muscular, mas não o SV, provavelmente devido a fatores neuromusculares, que geraram economia de movimento.
Concurrent training (TC) is an effective strategy for developing aerobic fitness and strength. However, it seems that TC may interfere with force gains, thus, acute and chronic vertical jump (SV) analysis can be considered as an important tool for force monitoring. Thus, the present dissertation aims to evaluate the acute and chronic response of the TC and strength training (TF) in the SV. The sample consisted of 21 physically active men, who were randomized into two groups: concurrent (n = 11, 28.45 ± 3.8 years, 75.18 ± 7.73 kg, 178.1 ± 6 cm) (GC) and strength (GF) (n = 10, 25.5 ± 2.9 years, 78 ± 11.8 kg, 178.2 ± 7 cm). The TF consisted of four exercises for the lower limb and four for the upper limb, interspersed with each other (three sets of eight to 12 maximal repetitions). TC was performed intermittently high intensity (HIIT) (1: 1) at 100% of the Vmax, until subjects completed 5 km, associated with TF in the same training session. The SV was performed pre and post training session on a jump platform of the brand Cefise® (Nova Odessa, Brazil) in the modality Squat Jump, in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th week of training. For the statistical treatment, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed, followed by the independent T-test, comparing the variables (age, body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, stature, BMI, Vmax, V̇O2max, SV, total tonnage, lower limb tonnage and MRI) at the pre-intervention time between GF and GC. In both steps, one (acute) and two (chronic), was performed the analysis of repeated measures and ANOVA and Post-Hoc of Bonferroni. For the first step no effect was found for height, absolute delta (Δ abs) and percentage (Δ%) of the jump. In step two, no effect was observed on the V̇O2max, already for Vmax, there was effect between groups. There was no effect on lean lower limb mass. For total tonnage and lower limb, there was effect for moment. Thus, it is possible to conclude that TC and TF are capable of improving muscle strength, but not SV, probably due to neuromuscular factors, which generated movement savings.
Concurrent training (TC) is an effective strategy for developing aerobic fitness and strength. However, it seems that TC may interfere with force gains, thus, acute and chronic vertical jump (SV) analysis can be considered as an important tool for force monitoring. Thus, the present dissertation aims to evaluate the acute and chronic response of the TC and strength training (TF) in the SV. The sample consisted of 21 physically active men, who were randomized into two groups: concurrent (n = 11, 28.45 ± 3.8 years, 75.18 ± 7.73 kg, 178.1 ± 6 cm) (GC) and strength (GF) (n = 10, 25.5 ± 2.9 years, 78 ± 11.8 kg, 178.2 ± 7 cm). The TF consisted of four exercises for the lower limb and four for the upper limb, interspersed with each other (three sets of eight to 12 maximal repetitions). TC was performed intermittently high intensity (HIIT) (1: 1) at 100% of the Vmax, until subjects completed 5 km, associated with TF in the same training session. The SV was performed pre and post training session on a jump platform of the brand Cefise® (Nova Odessa, Brazil) in the modality Squat Jump, in the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th and 10th week of training. For the statistical treatment, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was performed, followed by the independent T-test, comparing the variables (age, body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, stature, BMI, Vmax, V̇O2max, SV, total tonnage, lower limb tonnage and MRI) at the pre-intervention time between GF and GC. In both steps, one (acute) and two (chronic), was performed the analysis of repeated measures and ANOVA and Post-Hoc of Bonferroni. For the first step no effect was found for height, absolute delta (Δ abs) and percentage (Δ%) of the jump. In step two, no effect was observed on the V̇O2max, already for Vmax, there was effect between groups. There was no effect on lean lower limb mass. For total tonnage and lower limb, there was effect for moment. Thus, it is possible to conclude that TC and TF are capable of improving muscle strength, but not SV, probably due to neuromuscular factors, which generated movement savings.
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Palavras-chave
Exercício físico, Salto, Alta intensidade, Squat jump, Exercise, Jump, High intensity