Efeito da adição de nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio em dentifrícios fluoretados sobre o processo de remineralização, desmineralização e biofilme dentário: estudos in situ
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Data
2018-02-02
Autores
Garcia, Luhana Santos Gonzales [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um dentifrício fluoretado convencional (1100 ppm F), contendo nanopartículas de hexametafosfato de sódio (HMPnano) sobre a remineralização de lesões artificiais de cárie e desmineralização do esmalte in situ e biofilme. O estudo de remineralização, foi duplo-cego cruzado, realizado em quatro fases de três dias cada. Voluntários (n=12) usaram dispositivos palatinos contendo quatro blocos de esmalte bovino com lesões artificiais de cárie. A seguir foram distribuídos aleatoriamente nos seguintes grupos de tratamento: sem F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associado a 0,5% HMP microparticulado e nanoparticulado (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). Os voluntários foram instruídos a escovar seus dentes naturais com os dispositivos palatinos na boca durante 1 min (3x/dia), de modo que os blocos foram tratados com slurry de dentifrícios. Após cada fase, determinou-se a porcentagem de recuperação de dureza de superfície (%SHR), recuperação integrada de dureza de subsuperfície (ΔIHR), recuperação mineral integrada (ΔIMR) e concentração de fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância de medidas repetidas seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). A superfície do esmalte tornou-se 68% mais remineralizada quando tratada com 1100F/HMPnano em comparação com 1100F (p < 0,001). O tratamento com 1100F/HMP e 1100F/HMPnano promoveu um aumento em ~ 23% e ~ 87% da ΔIHR quando comparado ao 1100F (p < 0,001). Além disso, ΔIMR foi de ~ 75% e ~ 33% maior para 1100F/HMPnano quando comparado a 1100F e 1100F/HMP, respectivamente (p < 0,001). O estudo de desmineralização foi duplo-cego cruzado, e consistiu em quatro fases (7 dias cada). Voluntários (n=12) usaram aparelhos palatinos contendo quatro blocos de esmaltes bovinos. O desafio cariogênico foi realizado pela solução de sacarose a 30% (6x/dia). Os tratamentos com os dentífricios (3x/dia) foram os seguintes: sem F/ HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associado a 0,5% HMP microparticulado e nanoparticulado (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). Após sete dias determinou-se a porcentagem de perda de dureza de superfície (%SH), perda integrada de dureza subsuperfície (ΔKHN), cálcio (Ca), fósforo (P) e fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Além disso, no biofilme formado sobre os blocos analisou-se as concentrações de polissacarídeos extracelulares (EPS), F, Ca, P. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise de variância de medidas repetidas seguido pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). Resultados: 1100F/HMPnano promoveu menor %SH e ΔKHN quando comparado aos demais grupos (p < 0,001). A adição de HMPnano a 1100F não aumentou a absorção de F e P no esmalte, mas aumentou significativamente as concentrações de Ca (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100F/HMPnano apresentou valores mais baixos de concentração de EPS quando comparado com 1100F (~ 70%) (p < 0,001). Todos os grupos foram supersaturados em relação a hidroxiapatita (HA). Somente, o grupo 1100F/HMPnano foi supersaturado em relação ao fluoreto de cálcio (CaF2) (p < 0,05). As atividades iônicas de íon fluoreto de cálcio (CaF+) e fluoreto de hidrogênio neutro (HF0) para o grupo 1100F/HMPnano foram significativamente maiores quando comparadas aos demais grupos (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a adição de HMPnano a um dentifrício convencional promoveu um efeito remineralizador significantemente maior em lesões artificiais de cárie e demonstrou um maior efeito protetor contra a desmineralização e variáveis do biofilme in situ.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a conventional fluoride toothpaste (1100 ppm F) containing nano-sizeds of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) on the remineralization of artificial caries lesions and enamel demineralization and biofilm in situ. The remineralization study was double-blinded crossed, performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal devices containing four blocks of bovine enamel with artificial lesions of caries. They were then randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: without F/ HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/ HMPnano). The volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatine devices in the mouth for 1 min (3x/day), so that the blocks were treated with slurry of toothpastes. After each phase, the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and fluoride (F) concentration in the enamel were determined. The results were subjected to analysis of variance of repeated measures followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The enamel surface became 68% more remineralized when treated with 1100F/ HMPnano compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/ HMPnano promoted an increase in ~ 23% and ~ 87% of ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR was ~ 75% and ~ 33% higher for 1100F/HMPnano when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP, respectively (p < 0.001). The study of demineralization was double-blinded crossed, and consisted of four phases (7 days each). Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal appliances containing four blocks of bovine enamel. The cariogenic challenge was accomplished by the solution of sucrose 30% (6x/day). Treatments with the toothpaste (3x/day) were as follows: without F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). After 7 days the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and fluoride (F) in the enamel were determined. The results were submitted to analysis of variance of repeated measurements followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The results were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Results: 1100F/HMPnano promoted lower %SH and ΔKHN when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Addition of HMPnano to 1100F did not increase the absorption of enamel F, but significantly increased enamel Ca concentrations (p < 0.001). The 1100F/HMPnano group had lower values of EPS concentration when compared to 1100F (~ 70%) (p < 0.001). All groups were supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA). Only, the 1100F/HMPnano group was supersaturated relative to calcium fluoride (CaF2) (p < 0.05). The ionic activities of calcium fluoride ion (CaF+) and neutral hydrogen fluoride (HF0) for the 1100F/HMPnano group were significantly higher when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). It was concluded that the addition of HMPnano to a conventional toothpaste promoted a significantly greater remineralizing effect on artificial caries lesions and demonstrated a greater protective effect against demineralization and biofilm in situ.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a conventional fluoride toothpaste (1100 ppm F) containing nano-sizeds of sodium hexametaphosphate (HMPnano) on the remineralization of artificial caries lesions and enamel demineralization and biofilm in situ. The remineralization study was double-blinded crossed, performed in 4 phases of 3 days each. Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal devices containing four blocks of bovine enamel with artificial lesions of caries. They were then randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: without F/ HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/ HMPnano). The volunteers were instructed to brush their natural teeth with the palatine devices in the mouth for 1 min (3x/day), so that the blocks were treated with slurry of toothpastes. After each phase, the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR), integrated recovery of subsurface hardness (ΔIHR), integrated mineral recovery (ΔIMR) and fluoride (F) concentration in the enamel were determined. The results were subjected to analysis of variance of repeated measures followed by Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The enamel surface became 68% more remineralized when treated with 1100F/ HMPnano compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). Treatment with 1100F/HMP and 1100F/ HMPnano promoted an increase in ~ 23% and ~ 87% of ΔIHR when compared to 1100F (p < 0.001). In addition, ΔIMR was ~ 75% and ~ 33% higher for 1100F/HMPnano when compared to 1100F and 1100F/HMP, respectively (p < 0.001). The study of demineralization was double-blinded crossed, and consisted of four phases (7 days each). Volunteers (n = 12) used palatal appliances containing four blocks of bovine enamel. The cariogenic challenge was accomplished by the solution of sucrose 30% (6x/day). Treatments with the toothpaste (3x/day) were as follows: without F/HMP/HMPnano (Placebo); 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100F associated with 0.5% HMP microparticulate and nano-sized (1100F/HMP; 1100F/HMPnano). After 7 days the percentage of surface hardness loss (%SH), integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and fluoride (F) in the enamel were determined. The results were submitted to analysis of variance of repeated measurements followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). The results were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p < 0.001). Results: 1100F/HMPnano promoted lower %SH and ΔKHN when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). Addition of HMPnano to 1100F did not increase the absorption of enamel F, but significantly increased enamel Ca concentrations (p < 0.001). The 1100F/HMPnano group had lower values of EPS concentration when compared to 1100F (~ 70%) (p < 0.001). All groups were supersaturated with respect to hydroxyapatite (HA). Only, the 1100F/HMPnano group was supersaturated relative to calcium fluoride (CaF2) (p < 0.05). The ionic activities of calcium fluoride ion (CaF+) and neutral hydrogen fluoride (HF0) for the 1100F/HMPnano group were significantly higher when compared to the other groups (p < 0.001). It was concluded that the addition of HMPnano to a conventional toothpaste promoted a significantly greater remineralizing effect on artificial caries lesions and demonstrated a greater protective effect against demineralization and biofilm in situ.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Esmalte dentário, Flúor, Fosfato, Nanopartícula, Desmineralização, Remineralização, Dentifrício, Dental Enamel, Fluoride, Phosphate, Nano-sized, Demineralization, Remineralization, Toothpaste