Essência e aparência: uma análise do caráter fetichista das mercadorias
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Data
2017-06-27
Autores
Gaioli, Yheda Maria de Lanes
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A dissertação tem como objetivo trazer uma análise acerca da categoria marxiana de fetichismo da mercadoria, enquanto crítica acerca da dinâmica do modo de produção capitalista, descrito por Marx com ênfase em O Capital. O estudo realizado busca uma análise acerca do desenvolvimento do fenômeno no atual estágio de acumulação capitalista bem como, seus rebatimentos às relações sociais entre pessoas. Partindo do acúmulo teórico já adquirido acerca da temática, através de pesquisa bibliográfica, defendo que no capitalismo não existe a possibilidade de que as pessoas tenham uma vida plena porque suas relações são transformadas. Para tanto, seria necessário pensarmos em outra forma de sociabilidade. Por isso, a dissertação busca trazer também a discussão acerca dos limites da ordem burguesa e a possibilidade história de superação. Neste sentido, tendo como pressuposto a analise marxiana de que os homens fazem historia, mas não como querem e sim sob as circunstâncias que lhes foram postas, na primeira parte trazemos elementos para se pensar a consolidação da sociedade burguesa e a importância da teoria no entendimento da realidade da qual somos partes atuantes. Na segunda parte, descrevemos o fetichismo da mercadoria enquanto resultado da sociedade capitalista, bem como um recente desdobramento do fenômeno, o fetichismo das imagens, analisando os rebatimentos desse fenômeno na realidade social. Por fim, discutimos os limites impostos pela sociedade capitalista à emancipação humana e dinâmica entre essência e aparência que se não entendida como totalidade, contribuem para o processo de falseamento da realidade.
The dissertation aims to bring an analysis of the marxian category of commodity fetishism as a critique of the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production described with emphasis by Marx in The Capital. The study seeks to analyze the development of the phenomenon in the current stage of capitalist accumulation as well as its refutations to social relations between people. Starting from the theoretical accumulation already acquired on the theme, through bibliographical research, I argue that in capitalism there is no possibility that people have a full life because their relationships are transformed. For that, it would be necessary to think of another form of sociability. Therefore, the dissertation seeks to bring also the discussion about the limits of the bourgeois order and its possibility of overcoming. In this sense, starting the Marxian analysis that men make history, not as they want, but under the circumstances that are put to them, in the first part we bring elements to think about the consolidation of bourgeois society and the importance of theory in understanding of the reality of which we are acting parties. In the second part we describe the fetishism of the commodity as a result of capitalist society, as well as a recent unfolding of the phenomenon, the fetishism of images, analyzing the refutations of this phenomenon in social reality. Finally, we discuss the limits imposed by capitalist society to human emancipation and the dynamics between essence and appearance, which, if not understood as totality, contributes to the process of falsifying reality.
The dissertation aims to bring an analysis of the marxian category of commodity fetishism as a critique of the dynamics of the capitalist mode of production described with emphasis by Marx in The Capital. The study seeks to analyze the development of the phenomenon in the current stage of capitalist accumulation as well as its refutations to social relations between people. Starting from the theoretical accumulation already acquired on the theme, through bibliographical research, I argue that in capitalism there is no possibility that people have a full life because their relationships are transformed. For that, it would be necessary to think of another form of sociability. Therefore, the dissertation seeks to bring also the discussion about the limits of the bourgeois order and its possibility of overcoming. In this sense, starting the Marxian analysis that men make history, not as they want, but under the circumstances that are put to them, in the first part we bring elements to think about the consolidation of bourgeois society and the importance of theory in understanding of the reality of which we are acting parties. In the second part we describe the fetishism of the commodity as a result of capitalist society, as well as a recent unfolding of the phenomenon, the fetishism of images, analyzing the refutations of this phenomenon in social reality. Finally, we discuss the limits imposed by capitalist society to human emancipation and the dynamics between essence and appearance, which, if not understood as totality, contributes to the process of falsifying reality.
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Palavras-chave
fetichismo da mercadoria, reificação, emancipação humana, totalidade, commodity fetishism, reification, human emancipation, totality