Acesso e efetividade à Atenção Primária à Saúde: O IDSUS e a perspectiva dos gestores
Data
2018-01-25
Autores
Bassetto, Jamile Gabriela Bronzato
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O Sistema Único de Saúde visa garantir o acesso aos serviços de forma integral, igualitária e com qualidade, promovendo a melhoria de vida dos indivíduos e sua coletividade. O acesso pode ser definido como o ato de chegar, ou entrar ou ser acessível. Na saúde, envolve a capacidade de produzir serviços úteis, aliados ao planejamento e organização do sistema, abarcando aspectos geográficos, econômicos, funcionais e socioculturais. A efetividade é um instrumento que mensura o desempenho dos serviços de saúde, avaliando o cumprimento dos objetivos, metas e ações programáticas. Juntos, garantem a qualidade e a resolubilidade dos problemas da população por ações provindas de uma intervenção nos campos da saúde Objetivo: Conhecer o acesso e a efetividade da atenção primária à saúde na Região de Saúde do Pólo Cuesta – São Paulo por meio Índice do Desempenho do Sistema Único de Saúde (IDSUS) e compará-los com a visão dos gestores municipais. Método: Estudo qualitativo e analítico, cujos dados foram coletados por meio eletrônico do IDSUS e por entrevistas semi-estruturadas aos gestores municipais de saúde do ano de 2016. Os discursos foram analisados na vertente representacional temática, tendo como referencial teórico a Política Nacional de Atenção Básica e o Manual Instrutivo do IDSUS. Resultados: Participaram nove gestores com idade média de 50 anos, sendo 77,78% do sexo feminino. A região de saúde apresentou quatro subdivisões em grupos homogêneos, sendo a maioria alocados no grupo homogêneo 5. Na avaliação do acesso da Atenção Básica pelo IDSUS, seis municípios apresentaram notas iguais a 8 e +, e um município apresentou nota 4 a 4,9. Em relação à efetividade, dois municípios apresentaram notas de sete a 7,9. O corpus de análise revelou quatro categorias temáticas: 1) Conhecendo o acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde; 2) A efetividade nos municípios na perspectiva dos gestores; 3) O IDSUS e o planejamento das ações; 4) Dificuldades do acesso na visão dos gestores. Conclusão: os gestores entendem o acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde de maneira simplificada e superficial, não havendo reflexões acerca do que representa, de fato, esse índice. As barreiras em relação ao acesso organizacional são as deficiências quanto ao processo de trabalho, fragmentação das ações de saúde e uso do Pronto Atendimento como porta de entrada na atenção primária. A efetividade foi melhor entendida pelos gestores e considerada boa para a Região de Saúde.
Introduction: The Unified Health System aims to guarantee access to services in an integral, egalitarian and quality way, promoting the improvement of the life of individuals and their community. Access can be defined as the act of arriving, or entering, or being accessible. Health involves the ability to produce useful services, allied to the planning and organization of the system, encompassing geographic, economic, functional and socio-cultural aspects. Effectiveness is an instrument that measures the performance of health services, evaluating the fulfillment of the objectives, goals and programmatic actions. Together, both guarantee the quality and the resolution of the population's problems with actions in the health field. Objective: To know the access and effectiveness of primary health care in the Health Region of Cuesta - São Paulo by using the Performance Index of the Unified Health System (IDSUS) and compare them with the vision of municipal managers. Method: Qualitative and analytical study whose data were collected by electronic means from IDSUS and by semi-structured interviews with the municipal health managers of the year 2016. The discourses were analyzed in the thematic representational section having as theoretical reference the National Policy of Basic Attention (PNAB) and the IDSUS Instructional Manual. Results: Nine managers participated, with a mean age of 50 years, 77.78% were female. The health region had four subdivisions in homogeneous groups, being the majority allocated to the homogeneous group 5. In the evaluation of access to Basic Care by IDSUS, six municipalities presented grades equal to 8 and +, and one municipality presented scores from four to 4.9. Regarding effectiveness, two municipalities presented grades from seven to 7.9. The analysis corpus revealed four thematic categories: 1) Knowing access in Primary Health Care; 2) Effectiveness in municipalities from the perspective of managers; 3) IDSUS and action planning; 4) Difficulties of access in the view of managers. Conclusion: managers understand the access in the Primary Health Care in a simplified and superficial way without reflecting on what this index represents. The barriers to organizational access are the shortcomings in the work process, the fragmentation of health actions and the use of the Emergency Department as a gateway to primary care. The managers understood effectiveness better, considered good for the Health Region.
Introduction: The Unified Health System aims to guarantee access to services in an integral, egalitarian and quality way, promoting the improvement of the life of individuals and their community. Access can be defined as the act of arriving, or entering, or being accessible. Health involves the ability to produce useful services, allied to the planning and organization of the system, encompassing geographic, economic, functional and socio-cultural aspects. Effectiveness is an instrument that measures the performance of health services, evaluating the fulfillment of the objectives, goals and programmatic actions. Together, both guarantee the quality and the resolution of the population's problems with actions in the health field. Objective: To know the access and effectiveness of primary health care in the Health Region of Cuesta - São Paulo by using the Performance Index of the Unified Health System (IDSUS) and compare them with the vision of municipal managers. Method: Qualitative and analytical study whose data were collected by electronic means from IDSUS and by semi-structured interviews with the municipal health managers of the year 2016. The discourses were analyzed in the thematic representational section having as theoretical reference the National Policy of Basic Attention (PNAB) and the IDSUS Instructional Manual. Results: Nine managers participated, with a mean age of 50 years, 77.78% were female. The health region had four subdivisions in homogeneous groups, being the majority allocated to the homogeneous group 5. In the evaluation of access to Basic Care by IDSUS, six municipalities presented grades equal to 8 and +, and one municipality presented scores from four to 4.9. Regarding effectiveness, two municipalities presented grades from seven to 7.9. The analysis corpus revealed four thematic categories: 1) Knowing access in Primary Health Care; 2) Effectiveness in municipalities from the perspective of managers; 3) IDSUS and action planning; 4) Difficulties of access in the view of managers. Conclusion: managers understand the access in the Primary Health Care in a simplified and superficial way without reflecting on what this index represents. The barriers to organizational access are the shortcomings in the work process, the fragmentation of health actions and the use of the Emergency Department as a gateway to primary care. The managers understood effectiveness better, considered good for the Health Region.
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Palavras-chave
sistema único de saúde, acesso aos serviços de saúde, efetividade, atenção primária à saúde, saúde coletiva, indicador, unified health system, access to health services, effectiveness, primary health care, collective health, indicator