Mapeamento de eventos hidrológicos da cidade de Bauru-SP
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Data
2018-02-01
Autores
Pedrini, Marina Alves Ferraz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O debate sobre o aquecimento global nas últimas décadas e também o aumento da frequência e intensidade de acontecimentos extremos causados por eventos hidro-meteorológicos e climatológicos levou a uma maior ênfase em estudos de desastres naturais. No Brasil as secas e as enxurradas são as tipologias mais recorrentes, sendo que a chuva é o evento desencadeador com maior incidência de danos. A análise cruzada de danos e seus fatores geradores relacionados a eventos hidrológicos indica que a chuva intensa é o evento mais preponderante para a ocorrência de desastres naturais relacionados à drenagem. O objetivo do trabalho foi a elaboração do mapa de risco à inundação urbana (alagamento, enchente e enxurrada) da cidade de Bauru e também a comparação entre dados obtidos de pluviômetros automáticos e dados de radar. Os dados de precipitação foram obtidos de pluviômetros automáticos instalados na cidade de Bauru. A probabilidade de ocorrência dos eventos hidrológicos foi estimada pelas equações IDF (intensidade, duração, frequência). Os resultados desta pesquisa foram espacializados e classificados em função de sua severidade verificando-se que eventos com baixo período de retorno geram danos significativos. Foi elaborado um mapa de perigo atribuindo pesos aos fatores ambientais e sociais com o auxílio de SIG (Sistema de Informação Geográfica). O estudo de caso desta pesquisa pode auxiliar os órgãos competentes na implementação de sistemas de alerta precoce e políticas de prevenção.
The current debate about global warming in recent decades and also the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events caused by hydro-meteorological and climatological events led to a greater emphasis on natural disasters studies. In Brazil, droughts and floods are the most recurrent typologies, with rain being the main event that causes the majority of the damages. Cross-analysis of damage triggering events related to rain indicates that heavy rain is the most significant event in the occurrence of natural disasters related to drainage. The objective of this research was the elaboration of an urban flooding risk map for Bauru and also the comparison between data of rain gauges and radar. Precipitation data was obtained from rain gauges installed in the city of Bauru. The probability of occurrence of hydrological events was estimated by the IDF (intensity, duration, frequency) equations. The results of this research were spatialized and classified according to its severity and they showed low return events cause significant damage. A map of hazard areas was developed with the help of GIS (Geographic Information System) software. The case study of this research can help the local governments with the implementation of early warning systems and prevention policies.
The current debate about global warming in recent decades and also the increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events caused by hydro-meteorological and climatological events led to a greater emphasis on natural disasters studies. In Brazil, droughts and floods are the most recurrent typologies, with rain being the main event that causes the majority of the damages. Cross-analysis of damage triggering events related to rain indicates that heavy rain is the most significant event in the occurrence of natural disasters related to drainage. The objective of this research was the elaboration of an urban flooding risk map for Bauru and also the comparison between data of rain gauges and radar. Precipitation data was obtained from rain gauges installed in the city of Bauru. The probability of occurrence of hydrological events was estimated by the IDF (intensity, duration, frequency) equations. The results of this research were spatialized and classified according to its severity and they showed low return events cause significant damage. A map of hazard areas was developed with the help of GIS (Geographic Information System) software. The case study of this research can help the local governments with the implementation of early warning systems and prevention policies.
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Palavras-chave
Danos, Eventos hidrológicos, Equações IDF, Precipitação, Bauru, Damages, Hydrological events, IDF equations, Pecipitation