Forças armadas e segurança pública: a construção do padrão de emprego militar na Argentina e no Brasil entre 2005 e 2015
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Succi Junior, David Paulo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objeto da pesquisa é o emprego das forças armadas – instrumento de política externa – em atividades de segurança pública na Argentina e no Brasil, entre os anos de 2005 e 2015. O objetivo do estudo é compreender a construção de padrões divergentes de utilização dos instrumentos castrenses nos dois países estudados. Enquanto os militares argentinos são treinados e empregados predominantemente para o combate de ameaças externas de natureza estatal, as Forças Armadas brasileiras estão direcionadas essencialmente ao enfrentamento de problemas internos e atores não-estatais. Defendemos a hipótese de que os processos de rompimento e continuidade do papel das forças armadas argentinas e brasileiras – entendido como o conjunto de ações com as quais as mesmas identificam-se e são identificadas –, desencadeados com a transição das ditaduras militares para a democracia nos países estudados, geraram as condições de possibilidade para a conformação da situação em tela. Em relação à bibliografia especializada, a hipótese defendida opõe-se à lógica explicativa positivista, segundo a qual a definição das missões militares é uma resposta pragmática a uma realidade objetiva e à concepção de que o controle político das instituições castrenses resulta na diminuição da atuação militar no interior das fronteiras nacionais.
The research subject is the deployment of armed forces – foreign policy instrument – in public security operations in Argentina and Brazil, between 2005 and 2015. It aims to comprehend the construction of diverging patterns of military deployment in the studied countries. While argentinians militaries are primarily trained and employed to confront external threats, brazilian Armed Forces are essentially directed to deal with internal problems and confront non-state actors. The hypothesis sustained is that the processes of rupture and continuity in the argentinian and brazilian armed forces role – understood as the set of actions in which military are recognized and recognize themselves –, triggered by the transition from dictatorship to democracy, created the conditions possibility for the setting of the analyzed scenery. With regard to the specialized literature, this hypothesis opposes the positivist approach that understands the definition of military missions as a pragmatic reply to an objective reality and the argument that political control of military institutions decreases the deployment of it inside national boundaries.
The research subject is the deployment of armed forces – foreign policy instrument – in public security operations in Argentina and Brazil, between 2005 and 2015. It aims to comprehend the construction of diverging patterns of military deployment in the studied countries. While argentinians militaries are primarily trained and employed to confront external threats, brazilian Armed Forces are essentially directed to deal with internal problems and confront non-state actors. The hypothesis sustained is that the processes of rupture and continuity in the argentinian and brazilian armed forces role – understood as the set of actions in which military are recognized and recognize themselves –, triggered by the transition from dictatorship to democracy, created the conditions possibility for the setting of the analyzed scenery. With regard to the specialized literature, this hypothesis opposes the positivist approach that understands the definition of military missions as a pragmatic reply to an objective reality and the argument that political control of military institutions decreases the deployment of it inside national boundaries.
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Palavras-chave
Forças armadas, Segurança, Brasil, Argentina, Armed forces, Security, Brazil