Resposta da cultura do café arábica à aplicação de ureia revestida
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Data
2018-01-29
Autores
Abranches, Jorge Luiz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas condições em que o café arábica (Coffea arabica L.) é cultivado no Brasil, o nitrogênio (N) é o elemento que mais limita as produções, em razão da alta demanda pela cultura e baixa disponibilidade, na maioria dos solos brasileiros, nesse elemento. Através do revestimento dos fertilizantes tradicionais, por resinas sintéticas, orgânicas ou inorgânicas, esses insumos tendem a liberar os nutrientes de forma lenta. Desta forma, uma possibilidade de aumentar a eficiência de aproveitamento dos fertilizantes, e tentar minimizar as perdas de produtividade, é o uso de fertilizantes revestidos. Objetivou-se, com este experimento, estudar a eficiência da ureia revestida em fornecer N para o cafeeiro arábica e seu efeito na nutrição mineral, crescimento vegetativo e produtividade, em comparação a ureia convencional. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Bauru-SP, instalado em agosto de 2014, em uma lavoura de café do cultivar Mundo Novo, IAC 388-17-1, com três anos e meio de idade, em um Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico (LVAd). Foi adotado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, em um esquema fatorial 3×2+1, testando três doses de N (150, 300 e 600 kg ha-1), duas fontes (ureia revestida e ureia convencional) e uma testemunha (sem aplicação de N), com seis repetições. A ureia revestida utilizada, com 43% de N, é denominada “Kimcoat N®”. Cada parcela foi composta por sete plantas. A adubação nitrogenada aumentou o diâmetro do caule, a altura da planta, o número de nós em ramos plagiotrópicos, o comprimento dos ramos, o teor de N foliar, os valores SPAD e a produtividade da lavoura, nas três safras avaliadas. Nas condições edafoclimáticas do presente estudo, o fornecimento de N para cultura do café arábica, através da aplicação de ureia revestida, via cobertura, não apresentou maior eficiência que a aplicação da ureia convencional.
In the conditions under which the Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is cultivated in Brazil, nitrogen (N) is the most limiting element due to the high crop demand and low availability in most Brazilian soils. By coating traditional fertilizers with synthetic, organic or inorganic resins, these inputs tend to release nutrients slowly. Thus, one possibility of increasing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and trying to minimize productivity losses is the use of coated fertilizers. In this experiment the objective was to study the efficiency of coated urea in providing N for Arabica coffee and its effect on mineral nutrition, vegetative growth, and grain yield, compared to conventional urea. The experiment was conducted in the city of Bauru-SP, installed in August 2014, in a coffee crop of Mundo Novo cultivar, IAC 388-17-1, with three years and middle age, on a dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAd). A randomized block design was used in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme, testing three doses of N (150, 300 and 600 kg ha-1), two sources (coated urea and conventional urea) and one control (no application of N), with six replicates. The coated urea used, with 43% N, is referred to as "Kimcoat N®". Each plot was composed of seven plants. Nitrogen fertilization increased stem diameter, plant height, number of nodes in plagiotropic branches, length of branches, leaf N content, SPAD values and crop yield, in the three harvests evaluated. In the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, the supply of N for the cultivation of arabica coffee, through the application of coated urea, through the cover, did not present greater efficiency than the application of the conventional urea.
In the conditions under which the Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) is cultivated in Brazil, nitrogen (N) is the most limiting element due to the high crop demand and low availability in most Brazilian soils. By coating traditional fertilizers with synthetic, organic or inorganic resins, these inputs tend to release nutrients slowly. Thus, one possibility of increasing the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and trying to minimize productivity losses is the use of coated fertilizers. In this experiment the objective was to study the efficiency of coated urea in providing N for Arabica coffee and its effect on mineral nutrition, vegetative growth, and grain yield, compared to conventional urea. The experiment was conducted in the city of Bauru-SP, installed in August 2014, in a coffee crop of Mundo Novo cultivar, IAC 388-17-1, with three years and middle age, on a dystrophic Yellow Red Latosol (LVAd). A randomized block design was used in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme, testing three doses of N (150, 300 and 600 kg ha-1), two sources (coated urea and conventional urea) and one control (no application of N), with six replicates. The coated urea used, with 43% N, is referred to as "Kimcoat N®". Each plot was composed of seven plants. Nitrogen fertilization increased stem diameter, plant height, number of nodes in plagiotropic branches, length of branches, leaf N content, SPAD values and crop yield, in the three harvests evaluated. In the edaphoclimatic conditions of the present study, the supply of N for the cultivation of arabica coffee, through the application of coated urea, through the cover, did not present greater efficiency than the application of the conventional urea.
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Palavras-chave
Coffea arabica, Adubação nitrogenada, Manejo da adubação, Produtividade de grãos, Coffea arabica, Nitrogen fertilization, Fertilization management, Grain yield