Desempenho de cultivares de arroz de terras altas em diferentes épocas de semeadura
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Data
2018-02-26
Autores
Meirelles, Flávia Constantino
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a crescente adoção da prática de rotação de culturas, o arroz de terras altas tem se tornado uma opção viável na região do Cerrado, e para que haja um maior investimento e retorno na cultura do arroz de terras altas, é fundamental o ajuste das melhores épocas de semeadura e a escolha de cultivares adequados. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi identificar a melhor época de semeadura e o cultivar que expresse seu potencial produtivo, sendo adaptável e estável, além de possuir boa qualidade industrial, em região de Cerrado de baixa altitude. O experimento foi desenvolvido no município de Selvíria (MS), durante o ano agrícola 2016/17. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro épocas de semeadura (outubro, novembro, dezembro e fevereiro), cada uma com oito cultivares de arroz (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005, IPR 117, IAC 500, IAC 203, BRSGO Serra Dourada e ANa 7211) e quatro repetições. As semeaduras realizadas em outubro e novembro proporcionaram maiores valores de nitrogênio foliar, massa de matéria seca da parte aérea, espiguetas totais e cheias por panícula, fertilidade de espiguetas e eficiência produtiva de grãos. A semeadura em outubro proporcionou as maiores massas de cem grãos. Houve acamamento na semeadura em novembro e incidência de escaldadura na semeadura em dezembro. Os cultivares BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005 e IPR 117 destacaram-se no teor de nitrogênio foliar, espiguetas cheias por panícula e apresentaram adaptabilidade geral às diferentes épocas de semeadura. As maiores produtividades foram observadas na semeadura em outubro destacando-se o cultivar BRS Esmeralda, seguida da semeadura em novembro, destacando-se os cultivares BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005 e IPR 117, porém houve acamamento do cultivar IPR 117 em todas as épocas de semeadura. A qualidade industrial de grãos polidos foi superior nos cultivares IAC 500 e BRSGO Serra Dourada. Já, para a qualidade de grãos integrais, houve destaque para o cultivar IAC 500.
With the increasing adoption of crop rotation practice, upland rice has become a viable option in the Cerrado region, and for there to be a greater investment and return on upland rice cultivation, it is fundamental to adjust the best sowing times and the choice of suitable cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the best sowing season and the cultivar that expressed its productive potential, being adaptable and stable, besides having good industrial quality, in a low altitude Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2016/17. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four sowing times (October, November, December and February), each with eight rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005, IPR 117, IAC 500, IAC 203, BRSGO Serra Dourada and ANa 7211) and four replicates. Seeds in October and November provided higher values of leaf nitrogen, aerial part dry mass, total and full spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility and productive efficiency of grains. Seeding in October provided the largest hundred grain weight. Lodging occurred at sedding in November and scald incidence occurred in December. BRS Emeralda , ANa 5015, ANa 6005 and IPR 117 cultivars are highlighted in the leaf nitrogen content, full spikelets per panicle and had general adaptability to different sowing times. The highest yields were observed in the sowing in October, especially BRS Esmeralda, followed by sowing in November, especially the cultivars BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005 and IPR 117, but there was lodging of the cultivar IPR 117 in all sowing seasons. The industrial quality of polished grains was highest in the cultivars IAC 500 and BRSGO Serra Dourada. For the quality of whole grains, the cultivar IAC 500 was highlighted.
With the increasing adoption of crop rotation practice, upland rice has become a viable option in the Cerrado region, and for there to be a greater investment and return on upland rice cultivation, it is fundamental to adjust the best sowing times and the choice of suitable cultivars. Thus, the objective of this work was to identify the best sowing season and the cultivar that expressed its productive potential, being adaptable and stable, besides having good industrial quality, in a low altitude Cerrado region. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, during the agricultural year 2016/17. The experimental design was randomized blocks with four sowing times (October, November, December and February), each with eight rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005, IPR 117, IAC 500, IAC 203, BRSGO Serra Dourada and ANa 7211) and four replicates. Seeds in October and November provided higher values of leaf nitrogen, aerial part dry mass, total and full spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility and productive efficiency of grains. Seeding in October provided the largest hundred grain weight. Lodging occurred at sedding in November and scald incidence occurred in December. BRS Emeralda , ANa 5015, ANa 6005 and IPR 117 cultivars are highlighted in the leaf nitrogen content, full spikelets per panicle and had general adaptability to different sowing times. The highest yields were observed in the sowing in October, especially BRS Esmeralda, followed by sowing in November, especially the cultivars BRS Esmeralda, ANa 5015, ANa 6005 and IPR 117, but there was lodging of the cultivar IPR 117 in all sowing seasons. The industrial quality of polished grains was highest in the cultivars IAC 500 and BRSGO Serra Dourada. For the quality of whole grains, the cultivar IAC 500 was highlighted.
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Produtividade, Radiação solar, Fotossíntese, Oryza sativa L., Grain yield, Solar radiation, Photosynthesis, Oryza sativa L.