Ecos permanentes do passado no presente: violência, história e memória na obra de Graciliano Ramos
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Data
2018-01-30
Autores
Marques, Helton
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Graciliano Ramos era um escritor extremamente cuidadoso quanto à forma e reescrevia seus livros sem cessar, só os publicando quando estivessem enxutos, livres de quaisquer excessos. Seus textos literários trazem não somente o estilo “seco”, apurado e preciso do autor alagoano, mas também representam exemplarmente o contexto sócio-histórico brasileiro da primeira metade do século XX. De modo geral, a crítica literária aponta a tênue linha fronteiriça que divide, de certa forma, a obra de Graciliano em narrativas autobiográficas, memorialistas e ficcionais. Certamente essas fronteiras devem ser levadas em consideração quando analisado o conjunto da obra do autor, mas o que também se deve considerar é o traço comum que aproxima todas as narrativas, sejam as ficcionais, as memorialistas e as realmente autobiográficas, como é o caso da temática da violência e suas diversas formas de manifestação presentes na maioria de seus textos literários. É importante destacar ainda que, a partir da reelaboração literária de sua própria experiência, Graciliano, movido pela memória, procurou refletir sobre a relação do indivíduo com o Poder e as agruras da Lei, seja esta paterna ou social, retratando as formas de sociabilidade e os modos de subjetivação próprios de um contexto histórico marcado pela violência e opressão. Tendo isso em vista, esta Tese tem como principal finalidade desenvolver uma análise interpretativa da representação literária da violência na obra de Graciliano Ramos, principalmente nos romances São Bernardo, Angústia e Infância, este último a partir do capítulo-conto intitulado “Um cinturão”, destacando os possíveis vínculos entre conteúdo temático e forma literária, ou seja, analisando em que medida a matéria social e histórica é tematizada e, acima de tudo, formalizada na obra de um dos principais escritores do Modernismo no Brasil. Para tanto, os principais textos da Fortuna Crítica do autor, como os de Antonio Candido, João Luiz Lafetá e Álvaro Lins, por exemplo, e estudos de outras áreas do conhecimento, como a História, Sociologia e Psicanálise, servem como base para o desenvolvimento das análises apresentadas ao longo desta tese.
Graciliano Ramos was an extremely careful writer worried about the literary form who used to rewrite his books incessantly, only publishing them when they were free of any excesses. His literary texts presents not only the "dry", accurate and precise style of the alagoan author, but they also represent exemplarily the Brazilian social and historical context of the first half of the twentieth century. In general, literary criticism points to the tenuous frontier line that divides the Graciliano's work into autobiographical, memoirist, and fictional narratives. Of course, these boundaries must be taken into account when analyzing the author's entire work, but what should also be considered is the common features that brings the fictional, memorialist and autobiographical narratives closer, as it happens in relation to the theme of violence and its various forms of expression represented in most of the author’s literary texts. It is important to point out that, based on the literary re-elaboration of his own experience and memories, Graciliano reflects on the relation of the subject to the Power and the hardships of the Law, paternal or social, and he represents the forms of sociability and the manners of subjectivation typical of a historical context marked by violence and oppression. The main purpose of this Thesis is to develop an interpretative analysis of the literary representation of violence in Graciliano Ramos' work, especially in the novels São Bernardo, Angústia and Infância, this last one based on the chapter/tale entitled "Um cinturão". The objective is to analyze the possible links between thematic content and literary form, that is, to analyze how the social and historical element is a formalized theme in the work of one of the main writers of Modernism in Brazil. Therefore, the main texts of the Critic Fortune about the author, such as the studies developed by Antonio Candido, João Luiz Lafetá and Álvaro Lins, and studies of other areas of knowledge, such as History, Sociology and Psychoanalysis, are the basis for the development of the analyzes presented in this thesis.
Graciliano Ramos was an extremely careful writer worried about the literary form who used to rewrite his books incessantly, only publishing them when they were free of any excesses. His literary texts presents not only the "dry", accurate and precise style of the alagoan author, but they also represent exemplarily the Brazilian social and historical context of the first half of the twentieth century. In general, literary criticism points to the tenuous frontier line that divides the Graciliano's work into autobiographical, memoirist, and fictional narratives. Of course, these boundaries must be taken into account when analyzing the author's entire work, but what should also be considered is the common features that brings the fictional, memorialist and autobiographical narratives closer, as it happens in relation to the theme of violence and its various forms of expression represented in most of the author’s literary texts. It is important to point out that, based on the literary re-elaboration of his own experience and memories, Graciliano reflects on the relation of the subject to the Power and the hardships of the Law, paternal or social, and he represents the forms of sociability and the manners of subjectivation typical of a historical context marked by violence and oppression. The main purpose of this Thesis is to develop an interpretative analysis of the literary representation of violence in Graciliano Ramos' work, especially in the novels São Bernardo, Angústia and Infância, this last one based on the chapter/tale entitled "Um cinturão". The objective is to analyze the possible links between thematic content and literary form, that is, to analyze how the social and historical element is a formalized theme in the work of one of the main writers of Modernism in Brazil. Therefore, the main texts of the Critic Fortune about the author, such as the studies developed by Antonio Candido, João Luiz Lafetá and Álvaro Lins, and studies of other areas of knowledge, such as History, Sociology and Psychoanalysis, are the basis for the development of the analyzes presented in this thesis.
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Literatura e História, Violência, Memória, Representação literária, Romance Brasileiro, Graciliano Ramos