Potencial fitoextrator de metais pesados da batata-doce manejada com biossólido e água residuária em solos de diferentes classes texturais
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Data
2018-01-25
Autores
Alves, Dávilla Alessandra da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso do biossólido nos sistemas de produção agrícola ainda é visto como ameaça potencial devido a toxicidade de metais pesados para a vida humana e ambiental. Nesta linha, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar as concentrações de metais pesados em raízes de batata-doce e o potencial de uso como fertilizante orgânico no suprimento nutricional da cultura sob diferentes práticas de manejo no solo e na adubação. O estudo foi desenvolvido em condições de campo, na área experimental do Departamento de Solos e Recursos Naturais - Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu-SP, situado a 22º52’55” S de latitude, 48º26’22” W de longitude e 786 m de altitude. O clima da região é do tipo Cwa, definido como subtropical, verão quente e úmido com precipitação elevada e estiagem no inverno. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram caracterizados pelo tipo de adubação: AM-mineral (com fertilizante convencional) e AO-orgânica (com lodo de esgoto compostado) em função de dois tipos de água para irrigação (AP- Água Potável e AR- Água Residuária - doméstica de tratamento de esgoto) na batata-doce (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) var. Brazlândia Roxa cultivada em três tipos de solo: Neossolo Quartzarênico órtico, Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico textura média e Nitossolo Vermelho distrófico típico argiloso. Utilizou-se vasos com capacidade de 250 L de solo e sistema de irrigação por gotejamento, com emissores autocompensantes de 4 L h-1 de vazão nominal. A lâmina diária aplicada foi baseada na estimativa da evapotranspiração da cultura. As plantas colhidas foram fracionadas em parte aérea (folhas+ramas) e raízes, e levadas à estufa de circulação forçada para determinação de massa seca, em seguida as amostras foram moídas e determinados os macro e micro nutrientes em ambos os materiais, e metais pesados (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb e Se) nas tuberosas. Foi determinado a produtividade total e comercial de raízes, incidência de defeituosas, qualidade e caracterização físico-química. Conclui-se com os resultados que o melhor desempenho na extração dos nutrientes ocorreu em solo argiloso, sob adubação convencional. A batata-doce respondeu melhor a adubação AO+AR em solo argiloso e de textura média, respectivamente, no acúmulo de matéria seca e de nutrientes. Os teores de metais presente no lodo estavam abaixo dos limites permitidos. Não foi detectada toxicidade de metais pesados nas raízes de batata-doce em nenhum dos tratamentos avaliados. A produção de raízes de peso maior ocorreu em solo argiloso sob adubação orgânica. As adubações influenciaram na composição nutricional das raízes.
The use of biosolids in agricultural production systems is still seen as a potential threat due to the toxicity of heavy metals to human and environmental life. In this line, the objective of this work was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in roots of sweet potato and the potential of use as organic fertilizer in the nutritional supply of the crop under different management practices in soil and fertilization. The study was developed under field conditions in the experimental area of the Department of Soils and Natural Resources - Experimental Lageado Farm, University of São Paulo at Botucatu Campus, located at 22º52'55 " S of latitude, 48º26'22 "W of longitude and 786 m of altitude. The climate of the region is of type Cwa, defined as subtropical, hot and humid summer with high precipitation and drought in winter. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were characterized by the type of fertilization: AM-mineral (with conventional fertilizer) and AO-organic (with composted sewage sludge) as a function of two types of water for irrigation (AP- Potable Water and AR- Sewage treatment) in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) var. Brazlândia Roxa cultivated in three types of soil: Quartzarenic orthoses Neosol, Typic dystrophic red Latosol medium texture and typical clayey dystrophic Red Nitosol. Vessels with a capacity of 250 L of soil and drip irrigation system were used, with self-compensating emitters of 4 L h-1 nominal flow. The daily applied water blade was based on the estimated evapotranspiration of the crop. The plants were fractionated in aerial part (leaves + branches) and roots, and taken to the forced circulation oven for determination of dry mass, then the samples were ground and determined the macro and micro nutrients in both materials, and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb and Se) in the tuberoses. The total and commercial roots productivity, incidence of defects, quality and physicochemical characterization were determined. It was concluded with the results that the best performance in the extraction of nutrients occurred in clay soil under conventional fertilization. The sweet potato responded better to AO + AR fertilization in clayey and medium textured soil, respectively, in the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients. The metal contents present in the sludge were below the allowed limits. No toxicity of heavy metals was detected in sweet potato roots in any of the evaluated treatments. The production of roots of greater weight occurred in clay soil under organic fertilization. Fertilization influenced the nutritional composition of the roots.
The use of biosolids in agricultural production systems is still seen as a potential threat due to the toxicity of heavy metals to human and environmental life. In this line, the objective of this work was to determine the concentrations of heavy metals in roots of sweet potato and the potential of use as organic fertilizer in the nutritional supply of the crop under different management practices in soil and fertilization. The study was developed under field conditions in the experimental area of the Department of Soils and Natural Resources - Experimental Lageado Farm, University of São Paulo at Botucatu Campus, located at 22º52'55 " S of latitude, 48º26'22 "W of longitude and 786 m of altitude. The climate of the region is of type Cwa, defined as subtropical, hot and humid summer with high precipitation and drought in winter. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were characterized by the type of fertilization: AM-mineral (with conventional fertilizer) and AO-organic (with composted sewage sludge) as a function of two types of water for irrigation (AP- Potable Water and AR- Sewage treatment) in sweet potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L. (Lam.)) var. Brazlândia Roxa cultivated in three types of soil: Quartzarenic orthoses Neosol, Typic dystrophic red Latosol medium texture and typical clayey dystrophic Red Nitosol. Vessels with a capacity of 250 L of soil and drip irrigation system were used, with self-compensating emitters of 4 L h-1 nominal flow. The daily applied water blade was based on the estimated evapotranspiration of the crop. The plants were fractionated in aerial part (leaves + branches) and roots, and taken to the forced circulation oven for determination of dry mass, then the samples were ground and determined the macro and micro nutrients in both materials, and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb and Se) in the tuberoses. The total and commercial roots productivity, incidence of defects, quality and physicochemical characterization were determined. It was concluded with the results that the best performance in the extraction of nutrients occurred in clay soil under conventional fertilization. The sweet potato responded better to AO + AR fertilization in clayey and medium textured soil, respectively, in the accumulation of dry matter and nutrients. The metal contents present in the sludge were below the allowed limits. No toxicity of heavy metals was detected in sweet potato roots in any of the evaluated treatments. The production of roots of greater weight occurred in clay soil under organic fertilization. Fertilization influenced the nutritional composition of the roots.
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Palavras-chave
Fertilizantes orgânicos, Matéria orgânica, Nutrição mineral, Remediação, Irrigação, Reuso da água, Produtividade