Administração escolar: introdução pós-crítica
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Nascimento, Paulo Henrique Costa [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, os estudos na área da Administração escolar no Brasil, que formavam sua perspectiva empresarial, encontraram uma frente crítica de estudos que promoveu uma ruptura com seus fundamentos e concepções, constituindo a perspectiva democrática ou crítica de conhecimento na área, instituindo-se como o lugar de solução para os problemas educacionais e de transformação social. Porém, neste mesmo período, é possível observar os contornos de uma nova tendência que tem o cotidiano escolar como nicho de elementos que podem contribuir para construção de uma nova perspectiva na área, por meio de pesquisas de campo e de mapeamento que realizam uma ampliação das temáticas e um campo de experimentação de aplicações de processos de gestão que permitem descentralizar a ideia de que a perspectiva democrática seria lugar com a agenda dos problemas e soluções da educação. Mesmo assim, a perspectiva crítica serve como base dos estudos atuais na área, prescrevendo o que a comunidade escolar deveria fazer para realizar a gestão democrática, ou apontam o que as escolas deixam de fazer para que isso aconteça. Não estaria o próprio conhecimento na área dotado de déficits e limites de análise? Não teria a perspectiva crítica negligenciado uma crítica de si, uma autocrítica? Parte-se da hipótese de que a própria teoria da área estaria impondo uma regra de construção, que impede o conhecimento de se diferenciar e, que a perspectiva pós-crítica poderia contribuir para mapear os possíveis elementos que fariam parte desta regra de construção do conhecimento. Partindo destes pressupostos, esta pesquisa tem o objetivo de mapear os possíveis elementos contidos na história do conhecimento em Administração escolar no Brasil, que se configuraram como regra de construção e impediram um olhar crítico sobre si, por meio do método bibliográfico e dos pressupostos teórico-metodológico das teorias pós-críticas.
In the 1970‟s and the 1980‟s, the researches in Brazilian School Management‟s area, which constituted their business perspective between these decades, faced a critical line of researches that put forward a disruption in their foundations and concepts. This critical line characterizes the democratic or critical perspective of the area‟s knowledge, recognizing itself as a place to solve the educational problems and a place to contribute to social transformation. However, in this same period, it‟s possible observing the outline of a new tendency which understands the daily school activity as a place constituted by elements able to build a new perspective in the area. This new perspective take place using field researches and surveys that carry out an expansion of themes and an experimentation field of appliance of management processes which decentralized the idea the democratic perspective would be the only or the more effective possibility to solve the educational problems. Even so, the critical perspective continues being the studies bases in the area nowadays, prescribing what school community should do to implement the democratic management, or point out what schools didn‟t do to implement it. Wouldn‟t be the area‟s knowledge itself endowed with deficits and analysis limitations? Wouldn‟t have the critical perspective overlooked a critique of itself, a self-criticism? The hypothesis is the area‟s theory itself demands a construction rule preventing the variation of knowledge and the post-critic perspective can contribute to detect the probable elements which are components of this construction rule. Therefore, the goal is detect the probable elements presented in the history of School Management‟s knowledge in Brazil, which set up it as construction rule preventing a critical understand about itself, using bibliographical research and the theoretical-methodological categories present in the post-critical theories.
In the 1970‟s and the 1980‟s, the researches in Brazilian School Management‟s area, which constituted their business perspective between these decades, faced a critical line of researches that put forward a disruption in their foundations and concepts. This critical line characterizes the democratic or critical perspective of the area‟s knowledge, recognizing itself as a place to solve the educational problems and a place to contribute to social transformation. However, in this same period, it‟s possible observing the outline of a new tendency which understands the daily school activity as a place constituted by elements able to build a new perspective in the area. This new perspective take place using field researches and surveys that carry out an expansion of themes and an experimentation field of appliance of management processes which decentralized the idea the democratic perspective would be the only or the more effective possibility to solve the educational problems. Even so, the critical perspective continues being the studies bases in the area nowadays, prescribing what school community should do to implement the democratic management, or point out what schools didn‟t do to implement it. Wouldn‟t be the area‟s knowledge itself endowed with deficits and analysis limitations? Wouldn‟t have the critical perspective overlooked a critique of itself, a self-criticism? The hypothesis is the area‟s theory itself demands a construction rule preventing the variation of knowledge and the post-critic perspective can contribute to detect the probable elements which are components of this construction rule. Therefore, the goal is detect the probable elements presented in the history of School Management‟s knowledge in Brazil, which set up it as construction rule preventing a critical understand about itself, using bibliographical research and the theoretical-methodological categories present in the post-critical theories.
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Palavras-chave
Teoria da administração escolar no Brasil, Crítica, Teorias pós-crítica, Multiplicidade, School management's theory in Brazil, Criticism, Post-critical theories, Multiplicity