Síntese, caracterização e aplicações fotônicas de MOFs (metal-organic frameworks) de lantanídeos
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Data
2018-03-07
Autores
Arroyos, Guilherme
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Segundo a IUPAC, MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks) são definidos como polímeros de coordenação com uma estrutura aberta contendo cavidades potencialmente vazias. As MOFs podem ser sintetizadas utilizando íons lantanídeos como centros metálicos (LnMOFs) e por essa razão, apresentam luminescência somada às demais propriedades desta classe de materiais porosos. Dentro desse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi a obtenção de LnMOFs visando aplicação na área de sensoriamento químico via luminescência. Os compostos foram sintetizados a partir dos cloretos de térbio (III), európio (III) e samário (III) hexahidratados (precursores metálicos) e dos ligantes ácidos malônico e 3,5-pirazoldicarboxílico. Os compostos de térbio e ligantes foram sintetizados em diferentes pHs, sendo que os valores iguais a 2, 4 e 5 conduziram a formação dos materiais TBM2, TBM4 e TBM5, respectivamente. Os sólidos de európio e samário foram sintetizados em pH igual a 5 (compostos EUM5 e SMM5, respectivamente). As sínteses foram realizadas utilizando micro-ondas e estufa solvotérmica. As amostras TBM4 e TBM5 obtidas via micro-ondas se organizam na forma de partículas com tamanhos entre 0,5 - 2 μm e morfologia esférica. Ensaios de caracterização demonstraram que se tratava do mesmo composto, exceto uma maior rugosidade nas partículas do TBM5. A cristalinidade do material foi baixa devido ao curto tempo de síntese, no entanto utilizando síntese solvotérmica (mais lenta) foi possível aumentar a cristalinidade. Há bandas características de ambos os ligantes na espectroscopia vibracional no infravermelho, assim como os deslocamentos de bandas ocasionados pela coordenação ao íon metálico. O composto apresentou boa estabilidade térmica, iniciando sua decomposição na temperatura de 455 °C. O material também apresentou intensa emissão de luz verde quando exposto à radiação ultravioleta. Esta propriedade de luminescência foi utilizada para os testes de sensoriamento de gás carbônico e íons cobre (II), apresentando variações na intensidade de emissão após exposição aos analitos. Após exposição ao CO2, a intensidade de luminescência aumentou, enquanto que após exposição ao Cu2+ a intensidade diminuiu, conforme a concentração. O composto EUM5 apresentou baixa intensidade de luminescência e o SMM5 não apresentou emissão de luz. O composto TBM2 via síntese solvotérmica foi obtido na forma de monocristais luminescentes. A técnica de difração de raios-X de monocristal elucidou a estrutura do material, onde foi possível observar que o ligante ácido malônico não coordenou neste caso. Foi investigada ainda nesse trabalho a influência da rota sintética e de alguns parâmetros experimentais (concentração dos reagentes, uso de modulador de coordenação) no tipo de produto formado.
According to IUPAC, MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks) are coordination polymers with an open structure containing potentially empty voids. MOFs can be synthesized using lanthanide ions as metal centers (LnMOFs) and therefore have luminescence added to the other properties of this porous materials class. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain LnMOFs for chemical sensing application via luminescence. The compounds were synthesized from terbium (III), europium (III) and samarium (III) chlorides hexahydrates (metal precursors) and the malonic and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid linkers. The compounds with terbium plus linkers were synthesized at different pHs, with values of 2, 4 and 5 leading to the formation of TBM2, TBM4 and TBM5 materials, respectively. The europium and samarium solids were synthesized at pH = 5 (compounds EUM5 and SMM5, respectively). The syntheses were microwave and solvothermic assisted. The TBM4 and TBM5 samples via microwave-assisted synthesis are organized in the form of particles with sizes between 0.5 - 2 μm and spherical morphology. Characterization tests showed both are the same compound, except for a greater roughness in the TBM5 particles. The crystallinity of the material was low due to the short synthesis time; however, by using solvothermic-assisted synthesis (slower) it was possible to increase the crystallinity. There are characteristic bands of both ligands in the infrared vibrational spectroscopy, as well as band displacements caused by coordination to the metal ion. The compound presented good thermal stability, initiating its decomposition at the temperature of 455.7 °C. The material also showed intense green light emission when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This luminescence property was investigated for the carbon dioxide and copper (II) sensing tests, showing variations in emission intensity after exposure to analytes. After exposure to CO2, the intensity of luminescence increased, while after exposure to Cu2+ the intensity decreased, depending on the concentration. The compound EUM5 showed low luminescence intensity and SMM5 did not show emission. The TBM2 compound obtained via solvothermic synthesis organized itself in the form of luminescent single crystals. The single crystal X-ray diffraction technique elucidated the structure of the material, where it was possible to observe that the malonic acid binder did not coordinate in this case. The influence of the synthetic route and some experimental parameters (reagent concentration, use of coordination modulator) on the type of product were also investigated.
According to IUPAC, MOFs (Metal-Organic Frameworks) are coordination polymers with an open structure containing potentially empty voids. MOFs can be synthesized using lanthanide ions as metal centers (LnMOFs) and therefore have luminescence added to the other properties of this porous materials class. In this context, the objective of this work was to obtain LnMOFs for chemical sensing application via luminescence. The compounds were synthesized from terbium (III), europium (III) and samarium (III) chlorides hexahydrates (metal precursors) and the malonic and 3,5-pyrazoledicarboxylic acid linkers. The compounds with terbium plus linkers were synthesized at different pHs, with values of 2, 4 and 5 leading to the formation of TBM2, TBM4 and TBM5 materials, respectively. The europium and samarium solids were synthesized at pH = 5 (compounds EUM5 and SMM5, respectively). The syntheses were microwave and solvothermic assisted. The TBM4 and TBM5 samples via microwave-assisted synthesis are organized in the form of particles with sizes between 0.5 - 2 μm and spherical morphology. Characterization tests showed both are the same compound, except for a greater roughness in the TBM5 particles. The crystallinity of the material was low due to the short synthesis time; however, by using solvothermic-assisted synthesis (slower) it was possible to increase the crystallinity. There are characteristic bands of both ligands in the infrared vibrational spectroscopy, as well as band displacements caused by coordination to the metal ion. The compound presented good thermal stability, initiating its decomposition at the temperature of 455.7 °C. The material also showed intense green light emission when exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This luminescence property was investigated for the carbon dioxide and copper (II) sensing tests, showing variations in emission intensity after exposure to analytes. After exposure to CO2, the intensity of luminescence increased, while after exposure to Cu2+ the intensity decreased, depending on the concentration. The compound EUM5 showed low luminescence intensity and SMM5 did not show emission. The TBM2 compound obtained via solvothermic synthesis organized itself in the form of luminescent single crystals. The single crystal X-ray diffraction technique elucidated the structure of the material, where it was possible to observe that the malonic acid binder did not coordinate in this case. The influence of the synthetic route and some experimental parameters (reagent concentration, use of coordination modulator) on the type of product were also investigated.
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Palavras-chave
MOFs, Íons lantanídeos, Luminescência, Sensor, Dióxido de carbono, Íons cobre (II)