A formação social dos transtornos do humor
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Data
2018-03-02
Autores
Almeida, Melissa Rodrigues de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os processos compreendidos na formação social dos transtornos do humor, com base no acúmulo teórico-prático de dois campos do conhecimento, a Saúde Coletiva e a Psicologia Histórico-Cultural, ambos fundamentados no materialismo histórico-dialético. De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, os transtornos do humor, com destaque para a depressão, estão entre as principais causas de incapacitação no mundo hoje. Não à toa a saúde mental vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque tanto nos estudos científicos como na demanda por políticas públicas que atendam às necessidades das pessoas em sofrimento psíquico. Entretanto, a produção de conhecimento e de práticas está hegemonizada por concepções biológicas, pautadas na lógica produtivista do capital. Esta pesquisa se soma aos esforços de análise do sofrimento psíquico expressos como depressão e bipolaridade em suas determinações mais profundas, tendo em vista que o processo saúde-doença consiste de uma expressão particular do processo geral da vida social. Para isso, foi realizada uma investigação teórica conjugada com pesquisa de campo, com observação participante, grupos focais e entrevistas com quinze pessoas diagnosticadas com depressão e bipolaridade, vinculadas a um serviço da rede pública de saúde. Com isso, buscou-se entender, por meio da dialética singular-particular-universal, a determinação social na constituição da depressão e da bipolaridade nas histórias de vida. A análise teve como ponto de partida a caracterização psiquiátrica da depressão e da bipolaridade, seguida de uma argumentação em favor da adoção do termo sofrimento psíquico. Fundada nos aportes da teoria da determinação social do processo saúde-doença, seguiu-se avaliando como os transtornos do humor sobressaíram no perfil epidemiológico como resultado dos modos de vida na atual fase de acumulação capitalista. Para entender as alterações na dinâmica da personalidade envolvidas na depressão e na bipolaridade, retomou-se as contribuições da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural sobre o desenvolvimento humano, a formação da personalidade e suas respectivas alterações patológicas. Por fim, com a articulação das trajetórias singulares de vida em um nível maior de generalização, sustentamos a tese segundo a qual a gênese da depressão e da bipolaridade está radicada nos processos críticos da vida social, como expressão das crescentes exigências psíquicas e resistência às constrições pelo capital, e se desenrola na forma de alterações na personalidade centradas na esfera afetivo-volitiva da atividade.
The aim of this paper was to analyze the processes comprised in the social formation of mood disorders, based on the theoretical and practical accumulation of two fields of knowledge, Collective Health and Historic-Cultural Psychology, both grounded in historical-dialectical materialism. According to the World Health Organization, mood disorders, especially depression, are today among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Not for nothing, mental health has been gaining increasing prominence both in scientific studies and in the claim for public policies suited for people in psychic suffering. However, biological conceptions, based on the productivist logic of capital, are hegemonic in the production of knowledge and practices. This research joins the efforts of analyzing psychic suffering expressed as depression and bipolar disorder in its deeper determinations, given that the health-illness process consists of a particular expression of the general process of social life. For this purpose, a theoretical investigation was conducted in conjunction with a field research, with participant observation, focus groups and interviews with fifteen people diagnosed with depression and bipolar disorder who benefited from a service from the public health system. Thus, we sought to understand, through the singular-particular-universal dialectic, the social determination in the constitution of depression and bipolar disorder in life stories. The analysis had its starting point in the psychiatric characterization of depression and bipolar disorder, followed by an argumentation in favor of adopting the term psychic suffering. Based on the contributions of the theory of social determination of the health-illness process, we continued by evaluating how mood disorders stood out in the epidemiological profile as a result of the lifestyles of the current phase of capitalist accumulation. To understand the changes in personality dynamics that are involved in depression and bipolar disorder, we retrieved the contributions of Historic-Cultural Psychology about human development, personality formation and its respective pathological alterations. Lastly, by articulating the singular trajectories of life in a greater level of generalization, we supported the thesis that the genesis of depression and bipolar disorder is rooted within critical processes of social life, as an expression of increasing psychic demands and resistance to the restrains of capital, unfolding in the form of personality changes centered on the affective-volitional sphere of activity.
The aim of this paper was to analyze the processes comprised in the social formation of mood disorders, based on the theoretical and practical accumulation of two fields of knowledge, Collective Health and Historic-Cultural Psychology, both grounded in historical-dialectical materialism. According to the World Health Organization, mood disorders, especially depression, are today among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Not for nothing, mental health has been gaining increasing prominence both in scientific studies and in the claim for public policies suited for people in psychic suffering. However, biological conceptions, based on the productivist logic of capital, are hegemonic in the production of knowledge and practices. This research joins the efforts of analyzing psychic suffering expressed as depression and bipolar disorder in its deeper determinations, given that the health-illness process consists of a particular expression of the general process of social life. For this purpose, a theoretical investigation was conducted in conjunction with a field research, with participant observation, focus groups and interviews with fifteen people diagnosed with depression and bipolar disorder who benefited from a service from the public health system. Thus, we sought to understand, through the singular-particular-universal dialectic, the social determination in the constitution of depression and bipolar disorder in life stories. The analysis had its starting point in the psychiatric characterization of depression and bipolar disorder, followed by an argumentation in favor of adopting the term psychic suffering. Based on the contributions of the theory of social determination of the health-illness process, we continued by evaluating how mood disorders stood out in the epidemiological profile as a result of the lifestyles of the current phase of capitalist accumulation. To understand the changes in personality dynamics that are involved in depression and bipolar disorder, we retrieved the contributions of Historic-Cultural Psychology about human development, personality formation and its respective pathological alterations. Lastly, by articulating the singular trajectories of life in a greater level of generalization, we supported the thesis that the genesis of depression and bipolar disorder is rooted within critical processes of social life, as an expression of increasing psychic demands and resistance to the restrains of capital, unfolding in the form of personality changes centered on the affective-volitional sphere of activity.
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Palavras-chave
transtornos do humor, saúde coletiva, psicologia histórico-cultural, saúde mental, sofrimento psíquico, depressão, bipolaridade, mood disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, collective health, historic-cultural psychology, mental health, psychic suffering