Narrativas de vídeos por alunos usuários de sistemas de comunicação alternativa com diferentes interlocutores
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Data
2018-02-28
Autores
Azevedo, Vanessa Aparecida Peluccio de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As pesquisas a respeito do uso da comunicação suplementar e alternativa na escola tem sido uma constante principalmente na busca de um ensino que seja significativo e que promova a aprendizagem. Diante disso há discussões importantes sobre o ensino da leitura e da escrita para alunos comunicadores alternativos e ainda como os recursos da CSA podem contribuir para o processo de alfabetização desse alunado. Nesse processo a narrativa é uma ferramenta fundamental, narrar faz parte do cotidiano das pessoas, seja como narrador ou como ouvinte no reconto de uma história que alguém leu ou gostou, do comentário sobre o personagem de um filme ou novela ou da narração de fatos da vida. Crianças com o diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral e comprometimentos de fala podem ter experiências limitadas com o narrar por diferentes fatores, entre eles, o neurológico, a acuidade visual, as habilidades cognitivas, controle postural, desenvolvimento motor e a intenção comunicativa. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi: Analisar as narrativas de alunos com paralisia cerebral usuários de sistemas suplementares e alternativos de comunicação com diferentes interlocutores. Este estudo utilizou a tarefa de narração de vídeos de uma pesquisa transcultural pesquisa com a participação de 16 países, a qual a coleta de dados foi realizada entre os anos de 2011 e 2014. Foram selecionados 5 participantes de um dos grupos do estudo maior, com idades variando entre 9 e 14 anos, todos com o diagnóstico de paralisia cerebral e seus parceiros de comunicação. Na tarefa de vídeo os alunos tinham que assistir vídeos e conseguir recontá-los para os parceiros, no total foram selecionadas 3 tarefas com cada interlocutor (mãe, profissional e colega), os critérios de escolha das tarefas foram: um vídeo com uma cena comum e presente no cotidiano dos alunos; vídeo com uma cena absurda; vídeo com uma duração maior e uma sequência de dois eventos. Para a análise dos dados foram estabelecidas categorias e subcategorias: habilidades expressivas, elementos linguísticos, estratégias de mediação e o reconto do vídeo pelo interlocutor. Os resultados mostraram que para contar os vídeos os alunos utilizaram diferentes habilidades de expressão, com uma frequência maior do uso do símbolo gráfico seguido dos gestos, também houve uma variedade com relação ao interlocutor, com as mães uso maior foram dos gestos, com os profissionais foi o sistema gráfico e com os colegas não houve uma predileção por uma habilidade em específico. Os elementos linguísticos utilizados em maior quantidade foram os substantivos e os verbos. A estratégia de mediação mais utilizada foram as perguntas relacionadas seguida das informações repetidas e com isso os interlocutores conseguiram na maioria das tarefas recontar toda ou parte da história. Elas podem ser ferramentas importantes no trabalho em sala de aula com a narrativa e alunos comunicadores alternativos poderão se beneficiar da mediação para realizar atividades envolvendo a narrativa.
Research on the use of supplementary and alternative communication in school has been a constant in the search for teaching that is meaningful and promotes learning. Faced with this, there are important discussions about the teaching of reading and writing for alternative communicating students and also how the resources of the CSA can contribute to the literacy process of this pupil. In this process the narrative is a fundamental tool, to narrate is part of the daily life of the people, either as a narrator or as a listener in the retelling of a story that someone has read or liked, commentary on the character of a movie or novel or the narration of facts of the life. Children with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy and speech impairments may have limited experiences with narrating by different factors, including neurological, visual acuity, cognitive abilities, postural control, motor development, and communicative intent. In this context, the objective of this research was: To analyze the narratives of students with cerebral palsy users of supplementary and alternative systems of communication with different interlocutors. This study used the task of video narration of a cross-cultural research survey with the participation of 16 countries, which collected data between the years of 2011 and 2014. Five participants were selected from one of the larger study groups, with ages ranging from 9 to 14 years, all diagnosed with cerebral palsy and their communication partners. In the video task the students had to watch videos and manage to retell them for the partners, in total 3 tasks were selected with each interlocutor (mother, professional and colleague), the criteria for choosing the tasks were: a video with a common scene and present in the students' daily lives; video with an absurd scene; video with a longer duration and a sequence of two events. For the data analysis, categories and subcategories were established: expressive abilities, linguistic elements, and strategies of mediation and the retelling of the video by the interlocutor. The results showed that to count the videos the students used different expression abilities, with a higher frequency of the use of the graphic symbol followed by the gestures, there was also a variety with regard to the interlocutor, with the mothers greater use were the gestures, with the professionals was the graphic system and with colleagues there was a predilection for a specific skill. The linguistic elements used in greater quantity were the nouns and the verbs. The most used mediation strategy was the related questions followed by the repeated information and with this the interlocutors were able to retell all or part of the story on most tasks. They can be important tools in classroom work with narrative and alternative communicating students may benefit from mediation to engage in narrative activities.
Research on the use of supplementary and alternative communication in school has been a constant in the search for teaching that is meaningful and promotes learning. Faced with this, there are important discussions about the teaching of reading and writing for alternative communicating students and also how the resources of the CSA can contribute to the literacy process of this pupil. In this process the narrative is a fundamental tool, to narrate is part of the daily life of the people, either as a narrator or as a listener in the retelling of a story that someone has read or liked, commentary on the character of a movie or novel or the narration of facts of the life. Children with the diagnosis of cerebral palsy and speech impairments may have limited experiences with narrating by different factors, including neurological, visual acuity, cognitive abilities, postural control, motor development, and communicative intent. In this context, the objective of this research was: To analyze the narratives of students with cerebral palsy users of supplementary and alternative systems of communication with different interlocutors. This study used the task of video narration of a cross-cultural research survey with the participation of 16 countries, which collected data between the years of 2011 and 2014. Five participants were selected from one of the larger study groups, with ages ranging from 9 to 14 years, all diagnosed with cerebral palsy and their communication partners. In the video task the students had to watch videos and manage to retell them for the partners, in total 3 tasks were selected with each interlocutor (mother, professional and colleague), the criteria for choosing the tasks were: a video with a common scene and present in the students' daily lives; video with an absurd scene; video with a longer duration and a sequence of two events. For the data analysis, categories and subcategories were established: expressive abilities, linguistic elements, and strategies of mediation and the retelling of the video by the interlocutor. The results showed that to count the videos the students used different expression abilities, with a higher frequency of the use of the graphic symbol followed by the gestures, there was also a variety with regard to the interlocutor, with the mothers greater use were the gestures, with the professionals was the graphic system and with colleagues there was a predilection for a specific skill. The linguistic elements used in greater quantity were the nouns and the verbs. The most used mediation strategy was the related questions followed by the repeated information and with this the interlocutors were able to retell all or part of the story on most tasks. They can be important tools in classroom work with narrative and alternative communicating students may benefit from mediation to engage in narrative activities.
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Palavras-chave
Narrativa, Comunicação suplementar e alternativa, Vídeos, Alunos, Narrative, Supplementary and alternative communication, Videos, Students