Perfil de uma unidade de pronto atendimento e ferramentas educativas relativas ao acolhimento com classificação de risco
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Data
2018-02-05
Autores
Almeida, Kelviani Ludmila dos Santos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução. Em todo o mundo, nos últimos anos, percebeu-se um aumento significativo da procura de atendimento nos serviços de urgência e emergência, essa demanda está atrelada ao aumento das estatísticas de acidentes automobilísticos, da violência e a procura para cuidados não urgentes. A superlotação desses serviços é algo preocupante, uma vez que compromete a segurança dos pacientes envolvendo elevado tempo de espera, a classificação de risco, a educação do paciente e da equipe em relação a finalidade desse atendimento surgem como métodos de organização do fluxo. Objetivo. Identificar o perfil da demanda atendida na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA) de Itapeva, considerando a classificação de risco, e desenvolver material educativo digital a partir do perfil caracterizado. Método. O estudo foi realizado em 3 etapas, a primeira consistiu em uma revisão integrativa da literatura, que teve por objetivo conhecer o motivo da busca por atendimento da demanda não urgente, esta resultou em uma amostra de 8 estudos a partir da busca nas bases de dados: Biblioteca virtual em saúde (BVS), Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus e Cinahal. A etapa seguinte consistiu em um estudo quantitativo, transversal e descritivo que teve intuito de analisar o perfil de atendimentos da UPA do município de Itapeva. Quanto à amostragem, foi realizado cálculo estatístico para o tamanho amostral, considerando 95% de confiança e uma margem de erro de 5%, sendo recomendada amostra com n de 370 pacientes. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de acesso aos prontuários físicos localizados no setor de arquivo, no período de março a junho de 2017, referentes aos pacientes atendidos de janeiro a abril de 2017. A última etapa correspondeu a um estudo de desenvolvimento tecnológico com o objetivo de elaborar um material digital para educação em saúde, tanto para profissionais quanto para pacientes. O desenvolvimento foi realizado com o apoio do Núcleo de Educação a Distância Tecnologia e Informação em Saúde da FMB- UNESP. Resultados e discussão. A revisão integrativa evidenciou que a demanda não urgente procura atendimento pela facilidade de acesso e pela tecnologia que o serviço de urgência e emergência oferece. A análise da demanda atendida na UPA de Itapeva foi capaz de mostrar que quase 80% dos atendimentos tratavam de demanda não urgente, com queixas não recentes, e apenas aproximadamente 2% da amostra necessitou ser removida para o hospital de referência do município, o que apresenta a alta resolubilidade das unidades de pronto atendimento. Uma limitação do estudo foi a insuficiente capacitação do profissional enfermeiro para exercer atividade do acolhimento com classificação de risco. Foi necessário, portanto, elaborar estratégias que pudessem contribuir com essa necessidade da unidade, assim como colaborar com a educação dos pacientes para o uso do pronto atendimento. Esses levantamentos deram subsídios para a criação de dois produtos: um website e um vídeo educativo, o primeiro voltado aos profissionais e o outro voltado para a população. Conclusão. A população realiza uso indiscriminado da unidade de pronto atendimento, seja por desconhecimento da sua finalidade ou por conveniência de atendimento. A maior parte dos atendimentos consiste em demanda não urgente, e se faz necessária intervenção, como estratégias de educação em saúde, que possa direcionar a população para o oportuno atendimento, assim como a capacitação profissional, buscando alcançar melhores resultados na assistência.
Introduction. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for emergency services across the world. This demand is linked to the statistical increase of car accidents, violence and the search for non-urgent care. The overcrowding of these services is somewhat worrisome, since it compromises the safety of patients, involving high waiting time. Risk classification, patient and team education on the purposes of such services arise as methods of flow organization. Objective. Identify the profile of the demand served by the Itapeva Emergency Care Unit (UPA), considering the risk classification, and to develop digital educational material based on the characterized profile. Method. The study was carried out in 3 stages. The first consisted of an integrative review of the literature, which aimed to know the reasons involving the search for non-urgent care. It resulted in a sample of 8 studies taken from the database: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cinahal. The next step consisted of a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study which aimed to analyze the care profile of the UPA in the city of Itapeva. As for sampling, a statistical calculation was performed for the sample size, considering 95% confidence, a margin of error of 5%, and a sample with n corresponding to 370 patients. Data collection was taken from physical files located in its archive sector, from March to June 2017, referring to the patients attended from January to April 2017. The last step corresponded to a technological development study with aiming to develop digital material for health education for both professionals and patients. The development was carried out with the support of the Nucleus of Distance Education Technology and Information in Health of FMB- UNESP. Results and discussion. The integrative review showed that non-urgent demand seeks care due to the ease of access and the technology offered by the emergency service. The demand analysis at Itapeva’s UPA showed that almost 80% of the cases dealt with non-urgent demands, with no recent complaints, and only approximately 2% of the cases analysed needed to be sent to the reference hospital in the municipality, which demonstrates the high resolubility of the immediate care units services. One limitation of the study was the insufficient training of nurses to carry out host activity with risk classification. It was therefore necessary to devise strategies which could contribute to that necessity, as well as collaborate with the education of patients regarding the use of immediate care. Those surveys provided support for the creation of two products: a website and an educational video, the first aimed at professionals and the second aimed at the population. Conclusion. The population makes indiscriminate use of the immediate care service, either for lack of knowledge of its purpose or for convenience of service. The majority of the visits consisted of non-urgent demand, which requires intervention such as health education strategies which can direct the population to the appropriate service, as well as professional qualification, seeking to achieve better results in care.
Introduction. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in the demand for emergency services across the world. This demand is linked to the statistical increase of car accidents, violence and the search for non-urgent care. The overcrowding of these services is somewhat worrisome, since it compromises the safety of patients, involving high waiting time. Risk classification, patient and team education on the purposes of such services arise as methods of flow organization. Objective. Identify the profile of the demand served by the Itapeva Emergency Care Unit (UPA), considering the risk classification, and to develop digital educational material based on the characterized profile. Method. The study was carried out in 3 stages. The first consisted of an integrative review of the literature, which aimed to know the reasons involving the search for non-urgent care. It resulted in a sample of 8 studies taken from the database: Virtual Health Library (VHL), Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Scopus and Cinahal. The next step consisted of a quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive study which aimed to analyze the care profile of the UPA in the city of Itapeva. As for sampling, a statistical calculation was performed for the sample size, considering 95% confidence, a margin of error of 5%, and a sample with n corresponding to 370 patients. Data collection was taken from physical files located in its archive sector, from March to June 2017, referring to the patients attended from January to April 2017. The last step corresponded to a technological development study with aiming to develop digital material for health education for both professionals and patients. The development was carried out with the support of the Nucleus of Distance Education Technology and Information in Health of FMB- UNESP. Results and discussion. The integrative review showed that non-urgent demand seeks care due to the ease of access and the technology offered by the emergency service. The demand analysis at Itapeva’s UPA showed that almost 80% of the cases dealt with non-urgent demands, with no recent complaints, and only approximately 2% of the cases analysed needed to be sent to the reference hospital in the municipality, which demonstrates the high resolubility of the immediate care units services. One limitation of the study was the insufficient training of nurses to carry out host activity with risk classification. It was therefore necessary to devise strategies which could contribute to that necessity, as well as collaborate with the education of patients regarding the use of immediate care. Those surveys provided support for the creation of two products: a website and an educational video, the first aimed at professionals and the second aimed at the population. Conclusion. The population makes indiscriminate use of the immediate care service, either for lack of knowledge of its purpose or for convenience of service. The majority of the visits consisted of non-urgent demand, which requires intervention such as health education strategies which can direct the population to the appropriate service, as well as professional qualification, seeking to achieve better results in care.
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Palavras-chave
emergências, serviços médicos de emergência, triagem, acolhimento, classificação, enfermagem, emergencies, emergency medical services, screening, reception, ranking, nursing