Berçário de tilápia em sistema aquapônico utilizando a tecnologia de bioflocos
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Data
2018-02-15
Autores
Pinho, Sara Mello
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Empregar a tecnologia de bioflocos na produção aquapônica, integrando o cultivo de alface com o berçário de tilápia, parece ser uma alternativa para solucionar a problemática relacionada ao abastecimento de juvenis de tilápia à engorda, por meio de sistemas de produção responsáveis, menos impactantes em termos ambientais e economicamente viáveis. Além disso, o consumo dos agregados microbianos dos bioflocos pelos peixes poderá possibilitar a produção de juvenis diferenciados e com condições nutricionais desejáveis. Sabendo disso, foi proposto avaliar a produção aquapônica de juvenis de tilápia (~ 1 até 30 g) e alface lisa utilizando a tecnologia de bioflocos. Foram avaliados dois tipos de tecnologias aquícolas: recirculação de água clara (CW, ou controle) e bioflocos (BFT), com três repetições cada. O experimento foi executado durante 46 dias, divididos em dois ciclos de produção de alface (23 dias cada) e um ciclo de produção de juvenis de peixe. Buscou-se relacionar os dados de desempenho produtivo com análises zootécnicas e fitotécnicas; das características visuais das plantas; das concentrações dos nutrientes que entram e saem dos sistemas; bem como com avaliações morfológicas e morfométricas das fibras musculares e da composição centesimal dos peixes cultivados. Análise de viabilidade econômica também foi realizada, avaliando quatro cenários: dois levando em conta a porcentagem de alfaces comercializáveis encontradas no experimento pelo índice de qualidade da planta (BFT: 37% e CW: 98% do total) e outros dois, considerando uma produção hipotética em que todas as alfaces produzidas apresentam qualidade para serem vendidas. Os resultados mostraram melhor desempenho produtivo dos peixes cultivados em BFT. Os dados da trajetória de crescimento em peso, crescimento das fibras musculares e composição centesimal dos peixes mostraram resultados similares entre CW e BFT. Enquanto que para as plantas, o tratamento CW no ciclo 2 foi o que apresentou melhores resultados fitotécnicos e visuais. A análise econômica indicou que é viável a produção aquapônica utilizando CW ou BFT, desde que neste último o mínimo de 63,5% das plantas produzidas seja visualmente aptas para comercialização. De maneira geral, os resultados sugerem que a integração do BFT com a aquaponia poderá ser viável somente a partir do desenvolvimento de mecanismos que possibilitem diminuir o acúmulo de sólidos nas raízes e melhorar a absorção dos nutrientes pelas plantas.
The use of biofloc technology in aquaponic production, integrating lettuce production with tilapia nursery, seems to be an alternative to solve the problems related to the supply of juveniles for the grow-out stage, by means of responsible, less environmentally impacting and economically feasible production systems. Besides, consumption of the microbial aggregates present in the biofloc may enable the production of differential juveniles, with desired nutritional conditions. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the aquaponic production of tilapia juveniles (~ 1 to 30 g) and lettuce, using biofloc technology. For this purpose, two aquaculture technologies were studied: clear water recirculation (CW, or control) and biofloc (BFT), with three replicates each. The experiment was carried out for 46 days, with two cycles of lettuce production (23 days each) and one cycle of juvenile production. We sought to relate the productive performance data with zootechnical and phytotechnical analyzes; visual characteristics of plants; concentration of nutrients entering and leaving the system; as well as morphological and morphometric analyzes of muscle fibers and centesimal composition of fish. An economic feasibility analysis was also performed, considering four scenarios: two considering the percentage of commercially available lettuce found in the experiment, by the plant quality index (BFT: 37% and CW: 98% of the total) and two others, considering a hypothetical production in which all produced lettuces had good quality to be commercialized. Results showed better productive performance of fish reared in BFT. The data of the growth trajectory in weight, muscle fibers and centesimal composition of fish were similar between CW and BFT. Conversely, for the plants, the treatment CW in the second cycle presented the best phytotechnical and visual results. The economic analysis indicated that the aquaponic production is feasible using both CW and BFT, provided that in BFT a minimum of 63.5% of produced plants are visually suitable for marketing. Generally, the results suggest that the integration BFT with aquaponics may be feasible only through the development of mechanisms that enable reduced accumulation of solids in the roots, thus improving the absorption of nutrients by the plants.
The use of biofloc technology in aquaponic production, integrating lettuce production with tilapia nursery, seems to be an alternative to solve the problems related to the supply of juveniles for the grow-out stage, by means of responsible, less environmentally impacting and economically feasible production systems. Besides, consumption of the microbial aggregates present in the biofloc may enable the production of differential juveniles, with desired nutritional conditions. In this sense, this study aimed at evaluating the aquaponic production of tilapia juveniles (~ 1 to 30 g) and lettuce, using biofloc technology. For this purpose, two aquaculture technologies were studied: clear water recirculation (CW, or control) and biofloc (BFT), with three replicates each. The experiment was carried out for 46 days, with two cycles of lettuce production (23 days each) and one cycle of juvenile production. We sought to relate the productive performance data with zootechnical and phytotechnical analyzes; visual characteristics of plants; concentration of nutrients entering and leaving the system; as well as morphological and morphometric analyzes of muscle fibers and centesimal composition of fish. An economic feasibility analysis was also performed, considering four scenarios: two considering the percentage of commercially available lettuce found in the experiment, by the plant quality index (BFT: 37% and CW: 98% of the total) and two others, considering a hypothetical production in which all produced lettuces had good quality to be commercialized. Results showed better productive performance of fish reared in BFT. The data of the growth trajectory in weight, muscle fibers and centesimal composition of fish were similar between CW and BFT. Conversely, for the plants, the treatment CW in the second cycle presented the best phytotechnical and visual results. The economic analysis indicated that the aquaponic production is feasible using both CW and BFT, provided that in BFT a minimum of 63.5% of produced plants are visually suitable for marketing. Generally, the results suggest that the integration BFT with aquaponics may be feasible only through the development of mechanisms that enable reduced accumulation of solids in the roots, thus improving the absorption of nutrients by the plants.
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Palavras-chave
hidroponia, integração, nutrição, viabilidade econômica, tilapicultura, tilapia farming, hydroponics, integration nutrition, economic feasibility