Estudo da taxa de sedimentação (210-Pb) e da suscetibilidade natural à erosão na bacia do Rio Itanhaém (SP)
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Data
2018-04-02
Autores
Cigagna, Cristiano [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisou-se a variação histórica da taxa de sedimentação em cinco testemunhos dos principais rios da bacia do Rio Itanhaém, a segunda maior bacia litorânea do Estado de São Paulo, empregando-se o radioisótopo chumbo-210 (210Pb) como geocronômetro. As principais características das águas fluviais e dos sedimentos foram determinadas com o intuito de subsidiar a interpretação geocronológica. O estudo também compreende o uso de produtos de sensoriamento remoto na caracterização da suscetibilidade natural à erosão da bacia, por meio da análise morfoestrutural. Os resultados demonstram que a sistemática da análise morfoestrutural é eficaz no mapeamento de áreas naturalmente sensíveis à erosão, podendo ser aplicada em diferentes escalas de trabalho. Os setores mais suscetíveis encontram-se a montante da bacia e abrangem, principalmente, áreas de drenagem do Rio Mambú e Rio Branco, sendo que ao longo do curso deste último, verificam-se as regiões com maior potencial erosivo. Neste contexto, foram determinadas taxas de sedimentação no intervalo de 0,31 a 3,97 g/cm2.ano e 0,30 a 3,40 cm/ano nos principais rios da bacia, com destaque para o testemunho extraído do Rio Branco, que exibiu a taxa de sedimentação mais expressiva. Os perfis correspondentes ao Rio Preto e Aguapeú apresentaram descontinuidades nas taxas de sedimentação. As descontinuidades foram datadas e, estariam, provavelmente, relacionadas ao processo de uso e ocupação do solo, que se intensificou no município de Itanhaém por volta da metade do século XX.
The historical variation of sedimentation rate was investigated in five cores of the main rivers in the Itanhaém river basin, the second largest coastal basin in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, using the radioisotope lead-210 (210Pb) as a geochronometer. The principal characteristics of river waters and sediments were determined with the purpose of supporting the geochronological interpretation results. The study also includes the use of satellite remote sensing information’s in order to characterize the basin natural susceptibility to erosion processes, through morphostructural analysis techniques. The results showed that the morphostructural analysis is effective to mapping areas naturally sensitive to erosion, and can be applied at different work scales. The sectors with the highest erosion susceptibility are located in the basin upstream and mainly cover drainage areas of the Mambú and Branco rivers, where the regions with the highest erodibility potential can be found. In this context, sedimentation rates were determined in the range of 0.31 to 3.97 g/cm2 and 0.30 to 3.40 cm/year in the basin main rivers, highlighting the core extracted from Branco river, which exhibited the highest sedimentation rate. The cores corresponding to the Preto and Aguapeú rivers presented discontinuities in sedimentation rates. The discontinuities layers were dated and would probably be related to the land use and occupation process, which has intensified in the city of Itanhaém around the middle of the 20th century.
The historical variation of sedimentation rate was investigated in five cores of the main rivers in the Itanhaém river basin, the second largest coastal basin in the State of São Paulo-Brazil, using the radioisotope lead-210 (210Pb) as a geochronometer. The principal characteristics of river waters and sediments were determined with the purpose of supporting the geochronological interpretation results. The study also includes the use of satellite remote sensing information’s in order to characterize the basin natural susceptibility to erosion processes, through morphostructural analysis techniques. The results showed that the morphostructural analysis is effective to mapping areas naturally sensitive to erosion, and can be applied at different work scales. The sectors with the highest erosion susceptibility are located in the basin upstream and mainly cover drainage areas of the Mambú and Branco rivers, where the regions with the highest erodibility potential can be found. In this context, sedimentation rates were determined in the range of 0.31 to 3.97 g/cm2 and 0.30 to 3.40 cm/year in the basin main rivers, highlighting the core extracted from Branco river, which exhibited the highest sedimentation rate. The cores corresponding to the Preto and Aguapeú rivers presented discontinuities in sedimentation rates. The discontinuities layers were dated and would probably be related to the land use and occupation process, which has intensified in the city of Itanhaém around the middle of the 20th century.
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Palavras-chave
Radioisótopos, Geocronologia, Geoquímica, Hidroquímica, Morfoestruturas, Radioisotopes, Geochronology, Geochemistry, Hydrochemistry, Morphostructures