Inimigos naturais de cochonilhas (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) associadas a plantas de importância econômica no estado de São Paulo
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2018-02-28
Autores
Cruz, Maiara Alexandre
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
RESUMO – A agricultura é de suma importância para o desenvolvimento do Brasil. O estado de São Paulo, com significativa produção e produtividade de diversas culturas, é o maior produtor de cana-de-açúcar e citros, e o terceiro em café. No entanto, grandes perdas econômicas e ambientais ocorrem pelo uso indiscriminado de agrotóxicos para controlar insetos-praga, incluindo cochonilhas. Informações sobre insetos benéficos atualmente presentes nas regiões produtoras são fundamentais para o manejo integrado de pragas. Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento de inimigos naturais associados a espécies de cochonilhas consideradas pragas, primárias ou secundárias, para as culturas de cana-de-açúcar, citros e café no estado de São Paulo, relacionando à origem de cada espécie; especificidade a presa; e as possíveis adaptações a predação ou parasitismo em relação às características morfológicas macroscópicas das cochonilhas. O levantamento de inimigos naturais associados com dez espécies de cocóideos frequentemente associados a estas plantas foi realizado em 15 municípios, situados nas mesorregiões de São José do Rio Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Araraquara e Campinas. As coletas foram realizadas entre agosto de 2016 e agosto de 2017, de maneira aleatória, em áreas urbana e rural. Nesse período, foram coletadas 52 espécies de inimigos naturais. Para cochonilhas da cana-de-açúcar, todas as associações são novos relatos para o estado de São Paulo; e, Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 e Mariola flava Noyes, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) sâo registrados pela primeira vez para o para o país. Entre as cochonilhas que frequentemente infestam citros e café, e seus respectivos inimigos nturais. 21 novas associações foram registradas. Dentre os predadores obtidos, Pseudoazya nana (Marshall, 1912) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), e, os parasitoides Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888, Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Coccophagus basalis Compere, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), são registrados pela primeira vez para o estado de São Paulo. Para o Brasil são registrados: Coccophagus flavifrons Howard, 1885 e Coccophagus rusti Compere, 1928 ((Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
ABSTRAT– Agriculture is of great importance for the development of Brazil. The state of São Paulo, with significant production and productivity of several crops, is the largest producer of sugarcane and citrus, and the third in coffee. However, major economic and environmental losses occur through the indiscriminate use of pesticides to control pest insects, including scale insects. Information on beneficial insects currently present in producing regions is essential for integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to survey natural enemies associated with scale insects species considered as primary or secondary pests for sugarcane, citrus and coffee crops in the state of São Paulo, relating to the origin of each species; specificity prey; and the possible adaptations to predation or parasitism in relation to the macroscopic morphological characteristics of scale insects. The survey of natural enemies associated with ten coccoid species frequently associated with these plantations was carried out in 15 municipalities located in the mesoregions of São José do Rio Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Araraquara and Campinas, in the main sugarcane producing regions, citrus and state coffee. The collections were carried out between August 2016 and August 2017, in a random manner, in urban and rural areas. During this period, 52 species of natural enemies were collected. For sugarcane scale insects, all associations are new reports for the state of São Paulo; and, Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 and Mariola flava Noyes, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are recorded for the first time to the country. Among the scale insects that frequently infest citrus and coffee, and their respective nemes. 21 new associations were registered. Among the predators obtained, Pseudoazya nana (Marshall, 1912) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), and the parasitoids Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888, Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Coccophagus basalis Compere, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), are registered for the first time to the state of São Paulo. For Brazil are recorded: Coccophagus flavifrons Howard, 1885 and Coccophagus rusti Compere, 1928 ((Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
ABSTRAT– Agriculture is of great importance for the development of Brazil. The state of São Paulo, with significant production and productivity of several crops, is the largest producer of sugarcane and citrus, and the third in coffee. However, major economic and environmental losses occur through the indiscriminate use of pesticides to control pest insects, including scale insects. Information on beneficial insects currently present in producing regions is essential for integrated pest management. The objective of this study was to survey natural enemies associated with scale insects species considered as primary or secondary pests for sugarcane, citrus and coffee crops in the state of São Paulo, relating to the origin of each species; specificity prey; and the possible adaptations to predation or parasitism in relation to the macroscopic morphological characteristics of scale insects. The survey of natural enemies associated with ten coccoid species frequently associated with these plantations was carried out in 15 municipalities located in the mesoregions of São José do Rio Preto, Ribeirão Preto, Araraquara and Campinas, in the main sugarcane producing regions, citrus and state coffee. The collections were carried out between August 2016 and August 2017, in a random manner, in urban and rural areas. During this period, 52 species of natural enemies were collected. For sugarcane scale insects, all associations are new reports for the state of São Paulo; and, Anagyrus saccharicola Timberlake, 1932 and Mariola flava Noyes, 1980 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) are recorded for the first time to the country. Among the scale insects that frequently infest citrus and coffee, and their respective nemes. 21 new associations were registered. Among the predators obtained, Pseudoazya nana (Marshall, 1912) (Coleoptera: Coccinelidae), and the parasitoids Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius, 1888, Coccidoxenoides perminutus Girault, 1915 (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), Coccophagus basalis Compere, 1939 (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), are registered for the first time to the state of São Paulo. For Brazil are recorded: Coccophagus flavifrons Howard, 1885 and Coccophagus rusti Compere, 1928 ((Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae).
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Palavras-chave
Coccidae, Diaspididae, Pseudococcidae, Ortheziidae, Predadores, Parasitoides, Predators, Parasitoids