Crescimento e qualidade de mudas florestais produzidas com substratos a base de lodo de esgoto compostado
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Data
2018-02-21
Autores
Gabira, Mônica Moreno [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O reaproveitamento de resíduos provenientes do tratamento de esgotos domésticos se faz cada vez mais necessário e a sua utilização no meio agrícola e florestal apresenta-se como uma boa opção de uso deste material. Os objetivos desta pesquisa foram avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de três espécies florestais (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Pseudobombax grandiflorum e Cedrella fissilis) produzidas com substratos a base de lodo de esgoto compostado e submetidas a três lâminas de água diárias. Após a avaliação física dos substratos, foram escolhidos aqueles com as características mais favoráveis à produção de mudas florestais, bem como um material comercial usado como testemunha. Cada espécie foi tratada como um experimento, com um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3x4 (lâminas de irrigação e substratos). Para as espécies nativas, as lâminas de irrigação testadas foram de 6, 9 e 12 mm e para o eucalipto foram de 11, 14 e 17 mm. Foram utilizados um substrato comercial a base de turfa Sphagnum (SC); lodo de esgoto compostado com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar na proporção volumétrica 1:3 (LBC); lodo de esgoto compostado com casca de eucalipto na proporção volumétrica 1:3 (LCE) e lodo de esgoto compostado com bagaço de cana-de-açúcar + lodo de esgoto compostado com casca de eucalipto em proporção volumétrica 2:1 (LBC+LCE). Foram avaliados ao final do ciclo de produção das mudas a altura, diâmetro do colo, massa seca da parte aérea, radicular e total, área foliar, conformação do sistema radicular, índice de qualidade de Dickson, SPAD, conteúdo de nutrientes e fração de lixiviado. Os dados foram submetidos à Análise de Variância, seguida de teste de Scott-Knott quando houve diferença significativa das médias e a correlação de Pearson foi utilizada para os dados de conteúdo de nutrientes. As formulações empregando lodo de esgoto, bagaço de cana e casca de eucalipto mostraram-se viáveis tanto para a produção de mudas de eucalipto como para a produção de mudas das espécies nativas, com manejo hídrico específico para cada formulação e espécie.
The reuse of residues resulting from the treatment of domestic sewage is necessary and the use of this material in agriculture and forestry is a good option. The aims of this research were to evaluate the growth and the quality of seedlings of three species (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Pseudobombax grandiflorum and Cedrella fissilis) produced with substrates based on composted sewage sludge and submitted to three daily water depths. After the physical characterisation of the substrates, those with the best characteristics to seedlings production were selected, as well as a commercial material which was used as a witness. Each species was considered an experiment completely randomized in factorial design 3 x 4 (water depths and substrates). For the native species, the water depths used were 6, 9 and 12 mm and for the Eucalyptus the water depths used were 11, 14 and 17 mm. The substrates used were: commercial substrate based on Sphagnum peat (SC); sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v)(LBC); sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark (1:3 v:v)(LCE) and sewage sludge composted with bagasse + sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark in a volumetric proportion (2:1)(LBC+LCE). At the end of the production cycle of the seedlings the following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, dry mass, leaf area, root system conformation, Dickson quality index, SPAD index, nutrient content and leaching fraction. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Scott-Knott test when there was significant difference of means and Pearson correlation index was used for the nutrient content data. The formulations using sewage sludge, bagasse and eucalyptus bark proved being practicable for both the production of eucalyptus seedlings and native species seedlings, with specific water management for each formulation and species.
The reuse of residues resulting from the treatment of domestic sewage is necessary and the use of this material in agriculture and forestry is a good option. The aims of this research were to evaluate the growth and the quality of seedlings of three species (Eucalyptus grandis x Eucalyptus urophylla, Pseudobombax grandiflorum and Cedrella fissilis) produced with substrates based on composted sewage sludge and submitted to three daily water depths. After the physical characterisation of the substrates, those with the best characteristics to seedlings production were selected, as well as a commercial material which was used as a witness. Each species was considered an experiment completely randomized in factorial design 3 x 4 (water depths and substrates). For the native species, the water depths used were 6, 9 and 12 mm and for the Eucalyptus the water depths used were 11, 14 and 17 mm. The substrates used were: commercial substrate based on Sphagnum peat (SC); sewage sludge composted with sugarcane bagasse (1:3 v:v)(LBC); sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark (1:3 v:v)(LCE) and sewage sludge composted with bagasse + sewage sludge composted with eucalyptus bark in a volumetric proportion (2:1)(LBC+LCE). At the end of the production cycle of the seedlings the following parameters were evaluated: height, stem diameter, dry mass, leaf area, root system conformation, Dickson quality index, SPAD index, nutrient content and leaching fraction. The data were subjected to analysis of variance followed by Scott-Knott test when there was significant difference of means and Pearson correlation index was used for the nutrient content data. The formulations using sewage sludge, bagasse and eucalyptus bark proved being practicable for both the production of eucalyptus seedlings and native species seedlings, with specific water management for each formulation and species.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
lodo de esgoto, lâminas de água, viveiro