Sistema de alimentação sequencial com ajustes nutricionais para suínos em crescimento e terminação de duas linhagens genéticas submetidos a condição de estresse cíclico por calor
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Data
2018-02-23
Autores
Fraga, Alícia Zem
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar o sistema de alimentação sequencial como uma ferramenta para atenuar os efeitos do estresse cíclico por calor em suínos de duas linhagens genéticas nas fases de crescimento e terminação. Oitenta suínos machos castrados de 22kg (± 2,5) PV foram distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x2 (3 programas de alimentação e 2 linhagens genéticas; 3 PA e 2 LG) sendo o animal a unidade experimental. Os PA foram: Controle (CON), alta-gordura/baixa-proteína bruta (AG/BP) e Alimentação Sequencial [SEQ, de 1800 às 1000 h dieta controle (Tempo-Período 1, TP1) e de 1000 às 1800 h dieta AG/BP (TP2)]. A temperatura foi 22.3 ± 0.4ºC para TP1 e 30.2 ± 0.5ºC para TP2. A duração do período experimental foi de 84 dias subdividido em três fases: crescimento 1 (0 a 20 dias), crescimento 2 (21 a 48 dias) e terminação (49 a 83 dias). O consumo de ração foi registrado em tempo real pelo sistema automático de alimentação (AIPF). Os animais foram pesados no início e no término de cada fase experimental e nos dias 0, 35 e 75 foi mensurada a composição corporal. Houve interação entre LG e Tempo-Período (TP) para consumo médio de ração (CMR) por hora (P < 0,05). A 22ºC o CMR não se diferiu entre linhagens (P > 0,05) contudo, a 30ºC foi maior para linha B (P < 0,05). Houve interação (P < 0,05) entre PA e LG para custo energético de ganho de massa magra. De 35 a 75 dias, SEQ apresentou similar custo para ganho de massa magra para linha A quando comparado com CON (P > 0,05). No entanto para ambas as linhas, SEQ apresentou maior custo em relação ao CON (P < 0.05). Nas fases de crescimento 1 e 2 não houveram diferenças (P> 0,05) entre AG/BP e CON para CDR e GDP. Porém na fase de terminação maiores resultados para essas variáveis, além de maior custo de energia para ganho de peso, foram observados para AG/BP (P < 0,05). Na fase de crescimento 2, SEQ apresentou maior GDP (P = 0,04) com similar custo de energia para ganho (P = 0,24) quando comparado com programa CON. Na terminação, a alimentação SEQ permitiu reduzir o consumo de EL (P < 0,01), mas com GDP semelhante (P > 0,05) ao AG/BP. Além disso, SEQ apresentou custo de ganho de energia similar ao CON (P > 0,05) nessa fase. Massa gorda e ganho de massa gorda foram semelhantes entre SEQ e AG/BP (P > 0,05) e ambos maiores que CON (P < 0,05). O fornecimento de diferentes dietas ajustadas à variação da temperatura ao longo do dia é uma abordagem eficiente para atenuar o efeito do estresse térmico, mas com subsequente carcaças mais gordas. Além disso, em relação à eficiência energética para a deposição de massa magra, a alimentação sequencial é um programa eficiente a ser aplicado para a linha genética menos tolerante ao estresse térmico.
This study aimed at evaluating the sequential feeding system as a tool to attenuate the effects of cyclic heat stress in two genetics of growing-finishing pigs. Eighty 22kg (± 2.5) BW barrows were assigned in a completely randomized experimental design, in factorial scheme 3x2 (3 feeding programs and 2 genetic lines; 3FP and 2GL) being the animal the experimental unit. The FP were: Control (CON), high-fat/low-crude protein (HF/LP) and Sequential Feeding [SEQ, from 1800 to 1000 h control diet (Time-Period 1, TP1) and from 1000 to 1800 h HF/LP diet (TP2)]. The temperature was 22.3 ± 0.4ºC for TP1 and 30.2 ± 0.5ºC for TP2. The experimental period lasted 84 days subdivided into three phases, growing 1 (0 to 20d), growing 2 (21 to 48d), and finishing phase (49 to 83d). Feed intake was recorded using Automated Feeder System. Pigs were weighed at beginning and end of each experimental phase and on days 0, 35 and 75 were measured the body composition. There was interaction between GL and time-period (TP) for average feed intake (AFI) per hour (P < 0.05). At 22ºC the AFI did not differ between lines (P > 0.05), but at 30ºC the line B pigs had higher values than line A (P < 0.05). There was interaction (P < 0.05) between FP and GL for energy cost of lean gain. From 35 to 75d, SEQ had similar energy cost of lean gain for line A compared to CON (P > 0.05). However, for both lines, SEQ had higher the energy cost of lean than CON (P < 0.05). In growing 1 e 2 there was not difference (P > 0.05) between HF/LP and CON for ADFI and ADG. But in finishing phase, higher results for these variables and energy cost for gain were observed for HF/LP (P < 0.05). In growing 2, SEQ had higher ADG (P = 0.04) and similar energy cost of gain (P = 0.24) compared to CON program. In finishing phase, the SEQ allowed reducing NE intake (P < 0.01) and had a similar ADG (P > 0.05) than HF/LP. In addition, SEQ had similar energy cost of gain compared to CON (P > 0.05) in this phase. Fat mass and fat mass gain were similar between SEQ and HF/LP (P > 0.05), but both higher than CON (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supply of different diets adjusted to the variation of the temperature over the day is an efficient approach to attenuate the heat stress effect, but with subsequent fatter carcasses. In addition, regarding energy efficiency for lean deposition the sequential feeding is an efficient program to be applied for the genetic line less tolerant to heat stress.
This study aimed at evaluating the sequential feeding system as a tool to attenuate the effects of cyclic heat stress in two genetics of growing-finishing pigs. Eighty 22kg (± 2.5) BW barrows were assigned in a completely randomized experimental design, in factorial scheme 3x2 (3 feeding programs and 2 genetic lines; 3FP and 2GL) being the animal the experimental unit. The FP were: Control (CON), high-fat/low-crude protein (HF/LP) and Sequential Feeding [SEQ, from 1800 to 1000 h control diet (Time-Period 1, TP1) and from 1000 to 1800 h HF/LP diet (TP2)]. The temperature was 22.3 ± 0.4ºC for TP1 and 30.2 ± 0.5ºC for TP2. The experimental period lasted 84 days subdivided into three phases, growing 1 (0 to 20d), growing 2 (21 to 48d), and finishing phase (49 to 83d). Feed intake was recorded using Automated Feeder System. Pigs were weighed at beginning and end of each experimental phase and on days 0, 35 and 75 were measured the body composition. There was interaction between GL and time-period (TP) for average feed intake (AFI) per hour (P < 0.05). At 22ºC the AFI did not differ between lines (P > 0.05), but at 30ºC the line B pigs had higher values than line A (P < 0.05). There was interaction (P < 0.05) between FP and GL for energy cost of lean gain. From 35 to 75d, SEQ had similar energy cost of lean gain for line A compared to CON (P > 0.05). However, for both lines, SEQ had higher the energy cost of lean than CON (P < 0.05). In growing 1 e 2 there was not difference (P > 0.05) between HF/LP and CON for ADFI and ADG. But in finishing phase, higher results for these variables and energy cost for gain were observed for HF/LP (P < 0.05). In growing 2, SEQ had higher ADG (P = 0.04) and similar energy cost of gain (P = 0.24) compared to CON program. In finishing phase, the SEQ allowed reducing NE intake (P < 0.01) and had a similar ADG (P > 0.05) than HF/LP. In addition, SEQ had similar energy cost of gain compared to CON (P > 0.05) in this phase. Fat mass and fat mass gain were similar between SEQ and HF/LP (P > 0.05), but both higher than CON (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the supply of different diets adjusted to the variation of the temperature over the day is an efficient approach to attenuate the heat stress effect, but with subsequent fatter carcasses. In addition, regarding energy efficiency for lean deposition the sequential feeding is an efficient program to be applied for the genetic line less tolerant to heat stress.
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Genótipo, Nutrição, Temperatura ambiente