Indicadores de sustentabilidade na larvicultura de camarão-da-amazônia, Macrobrachium amazonicum
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Data
2018-04-19
Autores
Frota Filho, Josué Fernandes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O crescimento acelerado da aquicultura vem sendo acompanhado pela crescente preocupação em se garantir a sustentabilidade das atividades aquícolas. A sustentabilidade neste trabalho é baseada principalmente em duas dimensões: ambiental, e econômica. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade ambiental e a viabilidade econômica em pequena escala de produção de pós-larvas do camarão de água doce da espécie Macrobrachium amazonicum, por meio de um conjunto indicadores de sustentabilidade. Foram considerados os ciclos de produção durante um ano de cultivo de pós-larvas do camarão-da-amazônia. A capacidade produtiva considerada foi de 290 milheiros de pós-larvas/mês. A sustentabilidade ambiental foi medida com base na utilização de recursos naturais, eficiência no uso destes recursos e poluição liberada ao ambiente pelo meio de cultivo. A sustentabilidade econômica foi medida com base nos aspectos sobre a eficiência no uso dos recursos financeiros e a capacidade de gerar recursos para reinvestimentos na atividade. Os resultados sugerem que há viabilidade econômica para o produtor que realiza larvicultura em sistemas de fundo de quintal (backyard hatchery). Além disso, os dados obtidos também mostraram que embora a larvicultura seja uma atividade bastante intensificada, há eficiência na utilização dos recursos naturais, sendo mais sustentável do que outras fases de produção, como o berçário e crescimento final da mesma espécie. Desse modo, o modelo utilizado é uma alternativa viável com sustentabilidade econômica e ambiental para produção de pós-larvas de M. amazonicum em sistemas familiares de produção.
The rapid growth of aquaculture has been accompanied by the increasing concern to ensure sustainability of aquatic activities. In this work, sustainability is based on environmental and economic dimensions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of a small scale Macrobrachium amazonicum post-larvae production using a set of indicators for sustainability. Production cycles during one year of the Amazon Prawn hatchery was considered. The considered productive capacity was 290 thousand post larvae/month. Environmental sustainability measurements were based on the use of natural resources, efficiency in the use of resources and pollution released to environment from the production facility. Economic sustainability measurements were based on the aspects of efficiency in the use of financial resources and the capacity to generate resources for reinvestments in the activity. Results show that there is economic feasibility for the ‘backyard’ hatcheries system for freshwater prawn farmers. In addition, data indicate that in spite of hatchery being a highly intensified activity, there is efficiency in using natural resources, and it is more sustainable than other production phases, such as nursery and grow-out phase of the same species. To sum it up, the hatchery model studied is a feasible and sustainable alternative to produce M. amazonicum post-larvae with environmental and economic sustainability to be operated using either family labour production.
The rapid growth of aquaculture has been accompanied by the increasing concern to ensure sustainability of aquatic activities. In this work, sustainability is based on environmental and economic dimensions. The objective of the study is to evaluate the environmental and economic sustainability of a small scale Macrobrachium amazonicum post-larvae production using a set of indicators for sustainability. Production cycles during one year of the Amazon Prawn hatchery was considered. The considered productive capacity was 290 thousand post larvae/month. Environmental sustainability measurements were based on the use of natural resources, efficiency in the use of resources and pollution released to environment from the production facility. Economic sustainability measurements were based on the aspects of efficiency in the use of financial resources and the capacity to generate resources for reinvestments in the activity. Results show that there is economic feasibility for the ‘backyard’ hatcheries system for freshwater prawn farmers. In addition, data indicate that in spite of hatchery being a highly intensified activity, there is efficiency in using natural resources, and it is more sustainable than other production phases, such as nursery and grow-out phase of the same species. To sum it up, the hatchery model studied is a feasible and sustainable alternative to produce M. amazonicum post-larvae with environmental and economic sustainability to be operated using either family labour production.
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carcinicultura, larvicultura, sustentabilidade, prawn farming, hatchery, sustainability