Revisão Taxonômica da Subfamília Stethaprioninae (Teleostei: Characiformes, Characidae)
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Data
2018-03-02
Autores
Garcia-Ayala, James Raul
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A subfamília Stethaprioninae foi proposta por Eigenmann, 1907, e é distinguido dos demais representantes de Characidae por apresentar porte pequeno, corpo alto e comprimido, com um espinho ósseo localizado à frente do primeiro raio da nadadeira dorsal e pela presença de ganchos ósseos distribuídos de maneira assimétrica na nadadeira anal de machos maduros; esses dois últimos caracteres parecem ser sinapomórficos e sustentam a monofilia do grupo. A revisão taxonômica das espécies de Stethaprioninae foi realizada, e nove espécies novas foram descritas por meio da análise de material depositado em coleções ictiológicas. As descrições foram feitas a partir da análise de aproximadamente 2.500 exemplares, dos quais foram tomadas 44 variáveis morfométricas e 14 merísticas, além de dados osteológicos e padrão de colorido. Como resultados, foram consideradas válidas e redescritas 13 espécies: Poptella brevispina, P. compressa, P. longipinnis, P. paraguayensis, Orthospinus franciscensis, Stethaprion erythrops, S. crenatum, Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus, B. Orbicularis, B. parnaibae, B. retrospina, e B. reisi; além da descrição de nove novas espécies. Orthopinus é um gênero monotípico e endêmico da bacia do rio São Francisco. Stethaprion apresenta duas espécies distribuídas na bacia do rio Amazonas e foi acresentado em nosso trabalho uma nova característica autapormórfica desse gênero, que é a presença de escamas na nadadeira adiposa. Para Poptella, foram diagnosticadas sete espécies novas, das quais três estão distribuídas na bacia do rio Tocantins-Araguaia (Poptella sp.n.1, Poptella sp.n.2 e Poptella sp.n.3), uma na bacia do rio Madeira (Poptella sp.n.4), uma na bacia do rio Xingu (Poptella sp.n.5), uma na bacia do rio Acre (Poptella sp.n.6) e uma na bacia dos rios Purus e alto rio Amazonas (Poptella sp.n.7). Por outro lado, Poptella compressa está amplamente distribuída nas diferentes bacias da América do Sul, exceto na bacia do rio São Francisco e alto rio Paraná. Adicionalmente, a análise de extensivo material possibilitou a ampliação da distribuição geográfica de Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus e B. retrospina, e a descrição de duas espécies novas para o gênero: Brachychalcinus sp.n.1 (rio Trombetas) e Brachychalcinus sp.n.2 (rio Tocantins). Após quase 30 anos da última revisão de Stethaprioninae, o presente estudo acrescenta informações que contribuem para o entendimento dos padrões de distribuição das espécies, e fornece subsídios para continuar no avanço para a compreensão da diversidade e relações filogenéticas entre os membros desta subfamília.
The subfamily Stethaprioninae was proposed by Eigenmann, 1907, and is distinguished from the other representatives of Characidae because of its small size, tall, compressed body, and a bony spine located in front of the first ray of the dorsal fin and the presence of bony hooks distributed asymmetrical way in the anal fin of mature males; these last two characters are synapomorphic and support the group monophyly. The taxonomic revision of the species of Stethaprioninae was carried out, and nine new species were described through the analysis of deposited material in ichthyological collections. The descriptions were made from the analysis of approximately 2,500 specimens, of which 44 morphometric and 14 meristic variables were taken, in addition to osteological data and color pattern. As a result, 12 species were redescribed: Poptella brevispina, P. compressa, P. longipinnis, P. paraguayensis, Orthospinus franciscensis, Stethaprion erythrops, S. crenatum, Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus, B. orbicularis, B. parnaibae,B. retrospina, and B. reisi, in addition to the description of ten new species. Orthospinus is a monotypic and endemic genus of the São Francisco river basin. Stethaprion presents two species distributed in the basin of the Amazon River, and is characterized mainly by the presence of scales in the adipose fin, being indicated in our work as an autopormorphic feature of this genus. For Poptella, seven new species were diagnosed, of which three are distributed in the Tocantins-Araguaia river basin (Poptella sp.n.1, Poptella sp.n.2 and Poptella sp.n.3), one in the Madeira river basin (Poptella sp.n.4), one in the Xingu basin (Poptella sp.n.5), one in the Acre river basin (Poptella sp. n.6) and one in the Purus river basin and upper Amazon river basin (Poptella sp.n.7). On the other hand, Poptella compressa is widely distributed in the different basins of South America, except in the São Francisco river basin and the upper Paraná river. In addition, the analysis of extensive material allowed the expansion of the geographical distribution of Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus and B. retrospina, and the description of two new species for the genus:, Brachychalcinus sp.n.1 (Trombetas river) and Brachychalcinus sp.n.2 (Tocantins river). After 30 years of the last revision of Stethaprioninae, the present study will add information that will contribute to the clarification of the distribution patterns of the species, and will allow us to continue in the process of understanding the phylogenetic relationships among the members of this subfamily.
The subfamily Stethaprioninae was proposed by Eigenmann, 1907, and is distinguished from the other representatives of Characidae because of its small size, tall, compressed body, and a bony spine located in front of the first ray of the dorsal fin and the presence of bony hooks distributed asymmetrical way in the anal fin of mature males; these last two characters are synapomorphic and support the group monophyly. The taxonomic revision of the species of Stethaprioninae was carried out, and nine new species were described through the analysis of deposited material in ichthyological collections. The descriptions were made from the analysis of approximately 2,500 specimens, of which 44 morphometric and 14 meristic variables were taken, in addition to osteological data and color pattern. As a result, 12 species were redescribed: Poptella brevispina, P. compressa, P. longipinnis, P. paraguayensis, Orthospinus franciscensis, Stethaprion erythrops, S. crenatum, Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus, B. orbicularis, B. parnaibae,B. retrospina, and B. reisi, in addition to the description of ten new species. Orthospinus is a monotypic and endemic genus of the São Francisco river basin. Stethaprion presents two species distributed in the basin of the Amazon River, and is characterized mainly by the presence of scales in the adipose fin, being indicated in our work as an autopormorphic feature of this genus. For Poptella, seven new species were diagnosed, of which three are distributed in the Tocantins-Araguaia river basin (Poptella sp.n.1, Poptella sp.n.2 and Poptella sp.n.3), one in the Madeira river basin (Poptella sp.n.4), one in the Xingu basin (Poptella sp.n.5), one in the Acre river basin (Poptella sp. n.6) and one in the Purus river basin and upper Amazon river basin (Poptella sp.n.7). On the other hand, Poptella compressa is widely distributed in the different basins of South America, except in the São Francisco river basin and the upper Paraná river. In addition, the analysis of extensive material allowed the expansion of the geographical distribution of Brachychalcinus copei, B. nummus and B. retrospina, and the description of two new species for the genus:, Brachychalcinus sp.n.1 (Trombetas river) and Brachychalcinus sp.n.2 (Tocantins river). After 30 years of the last revision of Stethaprioninae, the present study will add information that will contribute to the clarification of the distribution patterns of the species, and will allow us to continue in the process of understanding the phylogenetic relationships among the members of this subfamily.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sistemática, Neotropical, espécie nova, espinho pré-dorsal, Systematic, new species, predorsal spine