Saúde do trabalhador no contexto hospitalar
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Data
2018-03-01
Autores
Rocha, Márcia Regina Alves
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: O trabalho no hospital exige comprometimento e qualidade, mas integra, no mesmo espaço, equipes e contratos de trabalho diferentes que tornam importante identificar similaridades ou não nas condições de vida, saúde e de trabalho, a fim de direcionar intervenções na promoção da saúde. Objetivo: analisar e comparar as condições de vida, de saúde e de trabalho entre os trabalhadores das equipes de enfermagem, da nutrição e do serviço de limpeza e higiene hospitalar (SHL), com ênfase na saúde mental. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, transversal realizada em uma unidade hospitalar de alta complexidade que atende, exclusivamente, usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde. Para a coleta de dados foi construído um questionário, utilizando instrumentos já validados, compostos por dados de identificação, socioeconômico, estilo de vida, condições de saúde e de trabalho. Participaram 227 trabalhadores sendo 96 da equipe enfermagem, 53 da equipe de nutrição e 78 do SHL. Para verificar as associações entre a variável independente: categoria profissional e as variáveis dependentes: condições de saúde, de trabalho, estilo de vida e o perfil socioeconômico dos trabalhadores, usou-se o Teste Qui-quadrado e ainda a análise bivariada de prevalência e Odds Ratio entre as variáveis dependentes: sociodemográficas, econômicas, de saúde e de trabalho e a variável independente TMC com os 227 trabalhadores e entre as equipe. Foi utilizado o programa SPSS 23, considerando p-valor menor ou igual a 0,05, com 95% de nível de significância. Resultados: A maioria dos trabalhadores é do sexo feminino, vive com companheiro, sem filhos menores, com casa própria, realiza a maior parte das atividades domésticas, não é fumante e realiza atividade física. Foi significativa a diferença entre as categorias em relação aos aspectos socioeconômicos. Entre os profissionais do SHL, houve maior percentual de coloração da pele parda ou negra, baixa escolaridade, menor renda individual e atividade de lazer. Nas condições de saúde a queixa de problemas osteoarticulares foi maior entre os trabalhadores do SHL. A prevalência de transtorno mental comum foi maior na equipe de nutrição com 28,3%, não sendo significativa a diferença entre as equipes. A equipe de enfermagem foi a mais jovem. São mais obesos os trabalhadores da nutrição. Quanto às condições de trabalho, a equipe de enfermagem foi aquela que tem maior tempo de serviço na instituição, número de horas extras realizadas, outro emprego, trabalho noturno e acidentes perfurantes. Entretanto, contam com mais autoridade decisória e suporte social no trabalho. O SHL foi o que mais referiu condições de insegurança no trabalho. Conclusão: O estudo identificou que há diferenças não apenas nas condições de trabalho, mas nas condições de vida que refletem na saúde dos trabalhadores, sendo que todas as categorias apresentam riscos que precisam ser considerados e gerenciados, de acordo com as suas especificidades, com vistas à promoção da saúde do trabalhador.
Introduction: The work in hospital requires compromise and quality, therefore it contains, in the same environment, different teams and job contracts that had become important to identify similarities or no similarities in the life, health and working conditions in order to address interventions in the health promotion. Objective: Analyze and compare the conditions of life, health and working among the Nursing, Nutrition and Cleanliness and Hospital Hygiene teams, emphasizing the mental health. Method: Quantitative research, transversal held in a high complexity hospital that treats exclusively patients from Brazil´s Unified Public Health System (SUS). For the data collection it had been designed a survey, using verified instruments, containing identifications´ report, social and economic principles, lifestyle, health and working conditions. To verify the associations between workers´ health, working, life conditions and social and economic principles profile it was applied the method Chi-square with the SPSS 23 program considering p low and 0,05 significance level. The research had 227 (88,67%) participants, which 96 belongs to Nursing, 53 belongs to Nutrition and 78 to Cleanliness and Hygiene. Results: Among all the participants of the research most of them are female, white, live with a partner, with no underaged child, they completed high school, own their own houses, earn a monthly income up to two minimum wages, do their own domestic activities don’t smoke and are actives people. It was significant the difference between the categories in relation to socioeconomic aspects. Among the Cleanliness and Hygiene team, there was a higher percentage of brown or black skin color self-referred, low level of education and lower income and leisure activity. In health conditions the complaint of muscle pain problems was higher among SHL workers. Common mental disorder prevalent in Nutrition 28,3%, not significant in terms of difference. The Nursing team with statistically difference was the youngest. This team doesn´t enjoy activities as going to clubs, bars, travel as the others and complain more about muscles. articulations, joints and bones. The Nutrition team presents more obese people. In terms of working, the time dedicated in the establishment was significative as the extra hours, side job, night shift and get suffered from perforating accidents, decision-making authority and social work support, all these conditions presented were pointed more frequently in the Nursing team. Insecurity in work conditions was most related with the Cleanliness team. Conclusion: The research identified differences not just in the working conditions but in the lifestyle that reflects in the health of the workers. Even though there is acknowledgment of the workers´ significance service quality, it has invested and offered little for the workers´ health, consequently the number of disease that keep the employee for temporary or, even worse, definitely out of his job, aside from making the activities less pleasurable, essential conditions for quality actions.
Introduction: The work in hospital requires compromise and quality, therefore it contains, in the same environment, different teams and job contracts that had become important to identify similarities or no similarities in the life, health and working conditions in order to address interventions in the health promotion. Objective: Analyze and compare the conditions of life, health and working among the Nursing, Nutrition and Cleanliness and Hospital Hygiene teams, emphasizing the mental health. Method: Quantitative research, transversal held in a high complexity hospital that treats exclusively patients from Brazil´s Unified Public Health System (SUS). For the data collection it had been designed a survey, using verified instruments, containing identifications´ report, social and economic principles, lifestyle, health and working conditions. To verify the associations between workers´ health, working, life conditions and social and economic principles profile it was applied the method Chi-square with the SPSS 23 program considering p low and 0,05 significance level. The research had 227 (88,67%) participants, which 96 belongs to Nursing, 53 belongs to Nutrition and 78 to Cleanliness and Hygiene. Results: Among all the participants of the research most of them are female, white, live with a partner, with no underaged child, they completed high school, own their own houses, earn a monthly income up to two minimum wages, do their own domestic activities don’t smoke and are actives people. It was significant the difference between the categories in relation to socioeconomic aspects. Among the Cleanliness and Hygiene team, there was a higher percentage of brown or black skin color self-referred, low level of education and lower income and leisure activity. In health conditions the complaint of muscle pain problems was higher among SHL workers. Common mental disorder prevalent in Nutrition 28,3%, not significant in terms of difference. The Nursing team with statistically difference was the youngest. This team doesn´t enjoy activities as going to clubs, bars, travel as the others and complain more about muscles. articulations, joints and bones. The Nutrition team presents more obese people. In terms of working, the time dedicated in the establishment was significative as the extra hours, side job, night shift and get suffered from perforating accidents, decision-making authority and social work support, all these conditions presented were pointed more frequently in the Nursing team. Insecurity in work conditions was most related with the Cleanliness team. Conclusion: The research identified differences not just in the working conditions but in the lifestyle that reflects in the health of the workers. Even though there is acknowledgment of the workers´ significance service quality, it has invested and offered little for the workers´ health, consequently the number of disease that keep the employee for temporary or, even worse, definitely out of his job, aside from making the activities less pleasurable, essential conditions for quality actions.
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Palavras-chave
saúde do trabalhador, saúde mental, hospital, occupational health, mental health