Análise da dinâmica de parâmetros de qualidade da água em microbacias hidrográficas com vegetação nativa e com florestas plantadas de Pinus
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Data
2018-05-09
Autores
Cardoso, Kaíque Mesquita
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O conceito de microbacias hidrográficas reflete a sensibilidade ao regime de precipitação e uso alternativo do solo da área de drenagem. Neste sentido, ao pensar em planejamento territorial, a conservação das microbacias hidrográficas é o que garante o suprimento da quantidade e qualidade do corpo de água à jusante. Assim, sabendo que a exportação dos nutrientes em uma microbacia hidrográfica está relacionada ao manejo exercido na área, e em que, ao depender da sua concentração no sistema aquático pode gerar um processo de degradação ambiental, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a dinâmica de parâmetros de qualidade da água e a oscilação do índice de estado trófico em duas microbacias hidrográficas. As microbacias estão sob diferentes coberturas de vegetação, e enquanto uma possui vegetação nativa do bioma Mata Atlântica, a outra possui predominância de florestas plantadas de Pinus. Foram coletados dados durante uma série histórica de dez anos (2005 – 2015), com frequência de observação quinzenal. As variáveis aferidas foram os nutrientes nitrato, fósforo, potássio, cálcio e magnésio, assim como parâmetros físicos de sólidos suspensos totais, turbidez e cor aparente. O monitoramento dos parâmetros de qualidade é fruto do Programa Cooperativo sobre Monitoramento e Modelagem de Bacias Hidrográficas (PROMAB) do Instituto de Pesquisas e Estudos Florestais (IPEF). Neste estudo observou-se que apesar do regime de precipitação condicionar a flutuação de alguns nutrientes, a mobilidade dos elementos pode ser em função da solubilidade e reatividade com a água. Não foi observado depreciação da qualidade de água pelo manejo florestal.
The concept of catchments reflects the sensitivity of the precipitation regime and the alternative use of soil in the drainage area. In this sense, when thinking about territorial planning, the conservation of watersheds is what guarantees the supply of the quantity and quality of the water body downstream. Thus, knowing that the export of nutrients in a watershed is related to the management in the area, and that, depending on its concentration in the aquatic system can generate an environmental degradation process, the objective of this work was to evaluate the parameters dynamics of water quality and the oscillation of the trophic state index in two catchments. The watersheds are under different coverages of vegetation, while one of the watershed is surrounded by vegetation native to the Atlantic Forest biome, the another is predominantly planted pine forests. Data were collected during a ten - year historical series (2005 - 2015), with frequency of biweekly observation. The measured variables were nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium nutrients, as well as physical parameters of total suspended solids, turbidity and apparent color. The monitoring of the quality parameters is the result of the Cooperative Program on Monitoring and Modeling of Watershed of the Forest Research Institute. In this study it was observed that although the precipitation regime conditions the fluctuation of some nutrients, the mobility of the elements can be in function of the solubility and reactivity with the water. No water quality depreciation was observed by forest management.
The concept of catchments reflects the sensitivity of the precipitation regime and the alternative use of soil in the drainage area. In this sense, when thinking about territorial planning, the conservation of watersheds is what guarantees the supply of the quantity and quality of the water body downstream. Thus, knowing that the export of nutrients in a watershed is related to the management in the area, and that, depending on its concentration in the aquatic system can generate an environmental degradation process, the objective of this work was to evaluate the parameters dynamics of water quality and the oscillation of the trophic state index in two catchments. The watersheds are under different coverages of vegetation, while one of the watershed is surrounded by vegetation native to the Atlantic Forest biome, the another is predominantly planted pine forests. Data were collected during a ten - year historical series (2005 - 2015), with frequency of biweekly observation. The measured variables were nitrate, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium nutrients, as well as physical parameters of total suspended solids, turbidity and apparent color. The monitoring of the quality parameters is the result of the Cooperative Program on Monitoring and Modeling of Watershed of the Forest Research Institute. In this study it was observed that although the precipitation regime conditions the fluctuation of some nutrients, the mobility of the elements can be in function of the solubility and reactivity with the water. No water quality depreciation was observed by forest management.
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Palavras-chave
Monitoramento, Nutrientes, Eutrofização, Parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, Monitoring, Nutrients, Eutrophication, Physico and chemical parameters of water