Aprimoramento da formulação de ração para frangos de corte com fitase e equilíbrio eletrolítico
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Data
2018-04-06
Autores
Rodrigues, Mayara Maia
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente o Brasil é o segundo maior produtor e líder em exportação de carne de frangos, testemunhando a importância da avicultura para a economia brasileira. Sabe-se que a alimentação representa a maior parte dos custos na produção desses animais, visto isso, há necessidade de estudos para aperfeiçoar a eficiência da nutrição visando melhores desempenhos, com redução dos impactos ambientais e menor custo. O objetivo do experimento foi avaliar a eficiência da suplementação com a matriz nutricional da enzima fitase associada ao equilíbrio eletrolítico na dieta para frangos de corte. Para isso, utilizou-se 360 aves (Cobb 500) e os tratamentos foram constituídos por dietas formuladas com balanço eletrolítico fixo em 250 mEq/kg para todas as dietas e variando as combinações de níveis da relação eletrolítica (2,5/3,0/3,5) e fitase (0/1.000/2.000 FTU/kg). Avaliaram-se os dados de desempenho (ganho de peso (kg), consumo de ração (kg), conversão alimentar e mortalidade), rendimento (rendimento de carcaça (%), percentual de gordura abdominal (%)), análises das excretas (umidade (%), teores de fósforo (g/kg), sódio (g/kg), cloro (g/kg) e potássio (g/kg)) e ósseas (densitometria óssea e flexão em três pontos), bem como a análise econômica com o índice BEC (Índice de Conversão Bioeconômico Energético). Não houve interação entre a suplementação na dieta para frangos de corte com fitase e relação eletrolítica em nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. Verificou-se uma redução linear de mais de 50% no teor de fósforo nas excretas das aves que receberam rações com enzima fitase. As dietas com estreita relação (2,5) resultaram em maior teor de sódio nas excretas. Mesmo recebendo rações formuladas com menor quantia de nutrientes, como fósforo e energia, não constatou alteração no desempenho, rendimento e qualidade óssea das aves, o que valida a matriz nutricional da enzima fitase utilizada no experimento. Sugere-se formular a ração para frangos de corte machos com níveis de 2.000 FTU/kg e equilíbrio eletrolítico (balanço de 250 mEq/kg e relação 3,5), pois além de reduzir a adição dos ingredientes mais caros na dieta, resulta em menor teor de fósforo e sódio nas excretas, sem prejudicar o desempenho das aves e contribui com a atenuação dos impactos ambientais e custos de produção.
Brazil is currently the second largest producer and leader in poultry meat exports, testifying to the importance of poultry farming to the brazilian economy. It is known that food represents the major part of the cost in the production of these animals, therefore, there is a need for studies to improve the efficiency of nutrition in order to obtain better performances with lower costs and with impact environmental reduced. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of supplementation with the phytase enzyme associated to electrolyte balance in the diet for broilers. A total of 360 birds (Cobb 500) were used and the treatments consisted of diets formulated with electrolyte balance of 250 mEq/kg, combinations of electrolyte ratio (2.5/3.0/3.5) and phytase (0/1,000/2,000 FTU/kg). Ware evaluated data of performance (weight gain (kg), feed intake (kg), feed conversion and mortality), yield (carcass yield (%) and percentage of abdominal fat (%)), excreta analyzes (humidity (%); levels in the excretas of phosphorus (g/kg), sodium (g/kg), chlorine (g/kg) and potassium (g/kg) and bone (bone densitometry and threepoint flexion), as well as the economic analysis with the BEC Index (Bioeconomic Energy Conversion Index). There was not interaction between dietary supplementation for broilers with phytase and electrolyte ratio for any of the studied variables. There was a linear reduction of more than 50% in phosphorus content in the excreta of birds receive feed with phytase enzyme. Diets with narrow electrolyte ratio (2.5) resulted in higher sodium content in the excreta. Even with the addition of a lower amount of nutrients such as phosphorus and energy, there was not change in the performance, yield and bone quality of the birds, which validates the nutritional matrix of the phytase enzyme used in the experiment. It is suggested to formulate the ration for male broilers with levels of 2,000 FTU/kg and electrolytic balance (balance of 250 mEq/kg and ratio 3.5), because in addition to reducing the addition of the most expensive ingredients in the diet, results in lower content of phosphorus and sodium in the excreta, without affecting the performance of the birds and contributes to the conservation of the environment and attenuation in the costs of production.
Brazil is currently the second largest producer and leader in poultry meat exports, testifying to the importance of poultry farming to the brazilian economy. It is known that food represents the major part of the cost in the production of these animals, therefore, there is a need for studies to improve the efficiency of nutrition in order to obtain better performances with lower costs and with impact environmental reduced. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the efficiency of supplementation with the phytase enzyme associated to electrolyte balance in the diet for broilers. A total of 360 birds (Cobb 500) were used and the treatments consisted of diets formulated with electrolyte balance of 250 mEq/kg, combinations of electrolyte ratio (2.5/3.0/3.5) and phytase (0/1,000/2,000 FTU/kg). Ware evaluated data of performance (weight gain (kg), feed intake (kg), feed conversion and mortality), yield (carcass yield (%) and percentage of abdominal fat (%)), excreta analyzes (humidity (%); levels in the excretas of phosphorus (g/kg), sodium (g/kg), chlorine (g/kg) and potassium (g/kg) and bone (bone densitometry and threepoint flexion), as well as the economic analysis with the BEC Index (Bioeconomic Energy Conversion Index). There was not interaction between dietary supplementation for broilers with phytase and electrolyte ratio for any of the studied variables. There was a linear reduction of more than 50% in phosphorus content in the excreta of birds receive feed with phytase enzyme. Diets with narrow electrolyte ratio (2.5) resulted in higher sodium content in the excreta. Even with the addition of a lower amount of nutrients such as phosphorus and energy, there was not change in the performance, yield and bone quality of the birds, which validates the nutritional matrix of the phytase enzyme used in the experiment. It is suggested to formulate the ration for male broilers with levels of 2,000 FTU/kg and electrolytic balance (balance of 250 mEq/kg and ratio 3.5), because in addition to reducing the addition of the most expensive ingredients in the diet, results in lower content of phosphorus and sodium in the excreta, without affecting the performance of the birds and contributes to the conservation of the environment and attenuation in the costs of production.
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Palavras-chave
aves, eletrólitos, enzimas, fitato, meio ambiente, ração animal, animal feed, electrolytes, environment, enzymes, phytate, poultry