Modelagem hidráulica/hidrológica do escoamento superficial com a utilização do SWMM integrado ao SIG: o exemplo de Ilha Solteira-SP
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Data
2018-04-06
Autores
Santini Junior, Mauricio Antonio
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Desde o começo da formação dos conglomerados urbanos no Brasil, a drenagem urbana sempre teve uma abordagem sanitarista. Tal prática causa cada vez mais problemas como enchentes e eutrofização dos corpos d’água. Atualmente, os constantes problemas enfrentados pelas cidades retratam a forte situação de negligência em que se encontra este tema no país. Neste prisma, o presente projeto teve como objetivo propor um modelo Hidráulico/Hidrológico da rede de drenagem de Ilha Solteira, a fim de subsidiar decisões futuras de gestão da bacia urbana como um todo. A área de estudo foi a sub-bacia do córrego Sem Nome localizado na cidade de Ilha Solteira-SP. A base de dados utilizada foi obtida por meio de estudos disponibilizados pela prefeitura, ensaios de campo e a instalação de sondas e pluviógrafos na área de projeto. Além disso, foram usadas imagens de satélite obtidas por meio do Software Livre Google EarthPro. Foram utilizados os softwares ArcGis 10 e o Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) para estabelecer um modelo digital representativo da bacia, por meio das equações de Saint-Venant 1D e da onda cinemática. Foi realizada uma análise de sensibilidade, além da calibração e validação do sistema. Os cálculos desta pesquisa tiveram por base 31 eventos ocorridos durante o desenvolvimento da mesma, e o modelo foi avaliado sob o escopo de cinco indicadores estatísticos. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo elaborado teve desempenho satisfatório, com coeficientes de eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe médios de 0,69; indicador de concordância médio de 0,92; erro médio na vazão de pico equivalente à 21% e erro médio no tempo de pico igual a 2 minutos e 40 segundos.
Since the beginning of the formation of urban conglomerates in Brazil, the urban drainage has been taken a sanitary approach. This practice has caused more and more problems, such as flooding and eutrophication of streams. The constant problem faced by most cities is the strong neglect that lies in this country. In this perspective, the present work proposes a Hydraulic/hydrological model of the storm water network of Ilha Solteira, in order to support future subsidization of urban basin management as a whole. The study area was the sub-basin of the Sem Nome stream located in the city of Ilha Solteira-SP. The used database was obtained by city hall studies, field trials, probes and rain gauges installed in the project area; the satellite images were obtained by using the Free Software EarthPro., ArcGis 10 and Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), to establish a representative digital model of the basin using the Saint-Venant 1D equations and the kinematic waveform. Sensitivity, calibration and validity analyses of the system were performed, 31 events were captured and a model was evaluated by five statistic indicators. The results have shown that the elaborated model has presented a satisfactory performance with mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.69, index of agreement of 0,92, average error in peak flow equivalent to 21% and mean error with no peak time equal to 2 minutes and 40 seconds.
Since the beginning of the formation of urban conglomerates in Brazil, the urban drainage has been taken a sanitary approach. This practice has caused more and more problems, such as flooding and eutrophication of streams. The constant problem faced by most cities is the strong neglect that lies in this country. In this perspective, the present work proposes a Hydraulic/hydrological model of the storm water network of Ilha Solteira, in order to support future subsidization of urban basin management as a whole. The study area was the sub-basin of the Sem Nome stream located in the city of Ilha Solteira-SP. The used database was obtained by city hall studies, field trials, probes and rain gauges installed in the project area; the satellite images were obtained by using the Free Software EarthPro., ArcGis 10 and Stormwater Management Model (SWMM), to establish a representative digital model of the basin using the Saint-Venant 1D equations and the kinematic waveform. Sensitivity, calibration and validity analyses of the system were performed, 31 events were captured and a model was evaluated by five statistic indicators. The results have shown that the elaborated model has presented a satisfactory performance with mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.69, index of agreement of 0,92, average error in peak flow equivalent to 21% and mean error with no peak time equal to 2 minutes and 40 seconds.
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Palavras-chave
SWMM, Hidrologia urbana, SIG, Urban hydrology, GIS