Habilidades sociais e suporte social em adolescentes usuários de maconha e não usuários de drogas
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Data
2018-03-19
Autores
Cavalcanti, Magna Gabriella Viganó
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A adolescência é um período do desenvolvimento permeado por mudanças e adaptações, na qual o meio social exerce importante influência, sendo fator relevante no processo de construção de repertório comportamental. Habilidades sociais se referem a um constructo descritivo de comportamentos sociais que intervêm qualitativamente nas relações interpessoais, enquanto que o conceito de suporte social envolve aspectos multidimensionais relacionados à assistência disponível ou à sua percepção. Durante a adolescência, alguns indivíduos encontram dificuldades para lidar com as alterações que ocorrem em seu ambiente e desenvolver respostas adequadas, o que os tornam mais vulnerável para o consumo de drogas, sendo a maconha uma das substâncias de maior consumo pelos adolescentes. Este estudo se propôs verificar a relação entre consumo de maconha, variáveis sociodemográficas, habilidades sociais e suporte social percebido em adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos, em comparação com grupo de não usuários de drogas. Tratou-se de estudo tipo survey transversal, com amostra de conveniência. Foram aplicados os instrumentos: questionário sociodemográfico, Inventário de Triagem do Uso de Drogas, Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Adolescentes e a Escala de Percepção do Suporte Social - versão Adolescente. Os resultados foram analisados quantitativamente e interpretados a partir do referencial teórico da Análise do Comportamento. Diferença estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos foram identificadas no Escore Total e nas classes Empatia, Autocontrole e Desenvoltura Social no indicador frequência habilidades sociais, com déficits nos adolescentes usuários de maconha. Também foi identificada maior dificuldade na classe Autocontrole e menor dificuldade na classe Abordagem Afetiva. Não houve diferenças nos escores de percepção de suporte social. Em relação às influências das características sociodemográficas nos escores de habilidades sociais e percepção de suporte social, no grupo de adolescentes usuários de maconha foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significativa nas variáveis sexo e trabalho, e no grupo de não usuários de drogas, nas variáveis idade, renda familiar, trabalho, prática religiosa e prática de atividades físicas. Foram identificadas correlações positivas entre variáveis dos instrumentos no grupo de usuários de maconha, apontando que quanto melhor o repertório de habilidades sociais empáticas, maior a percepção de apoio em momentos de tomadas de decisões, e que quanto melhor o repertório relacionado a relações de intimidade, maior a percepção de suporte social em suas dimensões gerais e referentes à tomada de decisões. Os resultados podem auxiliar o desenvolvimento de intervenções direcionadas para o incremento de habilidades importantes no repertório para prevenir o uso ou auxiliar nos cuidados de adolescentes usuários dessa substância.
Adolescence is a period of development that consists of changes and adjustments, in which the social environment has an important influence, as a relevant factor in the construction of the behavioral repertoire. Social skills refer to a descriptive construct of social behaviors that intervene qualitatively in interpersonal relationships, whereas the concept of social support involves multidimensional aspects related to the available assistance or to its perception. During adolescence, some individuals have difficulties in coping with the environmental changes and developing adequate responses, which makes them more vulnerable to drug use, with cannabis being one of the most consumed substances by adolescents. This study aimed to verify the relations between cannabis use, sociodemographic variables, social skills and perceived social support in adolescents, between 12 and 18 years old, compared to a group of non-drug users. It was a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. The applied instruments were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Drug Use Screening Inventory, Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents and the Social Support Perception Scale - Adolescent version. The results were quantitatively analyzed and interpreted by the Behavioral Analysis approach. Statistically significant differences between the groups were identified in the Overall Score and in the Empathy, Self-Control and Social Adroitness classes on the social skills frequency indicator, with deficits in cannabis-users adolescents. Also, a higher score of difficulty was identified in the Self-Control class and a lower score in the Affective Approach class. There were no differences in perceived social support scores. Regarding the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on social skills scores and perception of social support, a statistically significant difference was found in the cannabis-user group in the variables sex and work, and in the group of non-drug users in variables age, family income, work, religious practice and practice of physical activities. Positive correlations were found between variables of the instruments in the cannabis-user group, pointing out that the better the repertoire of empathic social skills, the higher the perception of support in decision-making moments, and that the better the repertoire related to intimacy relations, the higher the perception of social support in its general and decision-making dimensions.The results may aid the development of interventions aimed to increasing important skills in the repertoire to prevent the use or promote care of adolescents who use this substance.
Adolescence is a period of development that consists of changes and adjustments, in which the social environment has an important influence, as a relevant factor in the construction of the behavioral repertoire. Social skills refer to a descriptive construct of social behaviors that intervene qualitatively in interpersonal relationships, whereas the concept of social support involves multidimensional aspects related to the available assistance or to its perception. During adolescence, some individuals have difficulties in coping with the environmental changes and developing adequate responses, which makes them more vulnerable to drug use, with cannabis being one of the most consumed substances by adolescents. This study aimed to verify the relations between cannabis use, sociodemographic variables, social skills and perceived social support in adolescents, between 12 and 18 years old, compared to a group of non-drug users. It was a cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample. The applied instruments were: sociodemographic questionnaire, Drug Use Screening Inventory, Social Skills Inventory for Adolescents and the Social Support Perception Scale - Adolescent version. The results were quantitatively analyzed and interpreted by the Behavioral Analysis approach. Statistically significant differences between the groups were identified in the Overall Score and in the Empathy, Self-Control and Social Adroitness classes on the social skills frequency indicator, with deficits in cannabis-users adolescents. Also, a higher score of difficulty was identified in the Self-Control class and a lower score in the Affective Approach class. There were no differences in perceived social support scores. Regarding the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on social skills scores and perception of social support, a statistically significant difference was found in the cannabis-user group in the variables sex and work, and in the group of non-drug users in variables age, family income, work, religious practice and practice of physical activities. Positive correlations were found between variables of the instruments in the cannabis-user group, pointing out that the better the repertoire of empathic social skills, the higher the perception of support in decision-making moments, and that the better the repertoire related to intimacy relations, the higher the perception of social support in its general and decision-making dimensions.The results may aid the development of interventions aimed to increasing important skills in the repertoire to prevent the use or promote care of adolescents who use this substance.
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Palavras-chave
Habilidades sociais, Percepção de apoio social, Adolescência, Maconha, Social skills, Perceived social support, Adolescents, Cannabis