Dados espectrais dos solos do Centro-Oeste Paulista por meio de sensores próximos
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2018-04-05
Autores
Carmo, Danilo Almeida Baldo do [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A agricultura moderna no contexto internacional propõe inovações para o agronegócio, em especial para as práticas agrícolas. No entanto, este avanço deverá auxiliar o empresário rural a aumentar a eficiência, utilizando de forma sustentável os recursos naturais: água, terra e energia. Desse modo, objetivou-se, neste estudo, verificar o potencial dos sensores para obter os dados espectrais de um argissolo com cultivo de café. Utilizou-se de um conjunto de dados de um grid com 51 amostras de solo, em 39 hectares, com cultivo de café (Catuaí Amarelo, linhagem IAC 62). A obtenção das variáveis da cor: matiz, valor, croma, red, green e blue foi determinada por espectroscopia de reflectância difusa (ERD) e sensor próximo móbile (SPM). Os resultados mostraram relação com os atributos do solo nos seguintes casos: redSPM e argila: (R2 = 0,70, p < 0,01), greenSPM e CTC (R2 = 0,73, p < 0,01), redSPM e P (R2 = 0,64, p < 0,05), blueSPM e EC (R2 = 0,96, p < 0,01) e, greenSPM e Fe (R2 = 0,75, p < 0,01). Para os atributos da planta, foram: greenSPM e P17 (R2 = 0,70, p < 0,01), defeitos com regressões variando de 0,71 - 0,84 e, redSPM e produtividade (R2 = 0,95, p < 0,01). Os resultados mostraram que o uso da cor determinada pelo red, green e blue permitiu identificar atributos do solo e áreas com potenciais produtivos e qualitativos do café. Para o estudo no Planalto Ocidental Paulista, realizou-se um grid em área de 13 milhões de hectares, totalizando 600 amostras na profundidade de 0,00-0,20 metros. Nestas amostras, foram determinadas as variáveis da cor. Observou-se semelhança no uso dos métodos ERD e SPM. Os semivariogramas da ERD tiveram alcance para as variáveis matiz, valor, croma, red, green e blue de 112 km, 216 km, 19 km, 207 km, 183 km e 158 km, respectivamente. Com o uso do SPM, os alcances foram de: 19 km, 226 km, 30 km, 160 km, 218 km e 75 km, respectivamente. Os semivariogramas cruzados estimaram os atributos físico-químicos (Argila, capacidade de troca catiônica - CTC, fósforo - P e hematita - Hm). Os semivariogramas cruzados explicaram a distância máxima de correlação observada entre as variáveis. Os resultados do SPM mostraram que a cor nos sistemas red, green e blue pode ser utilizada na predição do teor de argila (77%), CTC (99%), P (90%) e Hm (70%). Com o uso da ERD, os sistemas red, green e blue predizem o teor de argila (79%), CTC (94%), P (86%) e Hm (67%). Estes resultados mostram que a cor é um indicativo seguro dos atributos do solo. Como alternativa de baixo custo, o SPM mostrou ser uma ferramenta eficiente que possibilita a avaliação destes atributos.
Modern agriculture in the international context proposes innovations for agribusiness, especially for agricultural practices. However, this progress must help the rural entrepreneur to increase efficiency, using sustainable natural resources: water, land and energy. Thus, the objective of this study was, to verify the potential of the sensors to obtain the spectral data of an argisol with coffee cultivation. We used a set of data with a grid 51 soil samples on 39 hectares, with coffee cultivation (Yellow Catuaí, lineage IAC 62). Obtaining the color variables: hue, value, chroma, red, green and blue was determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and mobile near sensor (MNS). The results were related to soil attributes in the following cases: redMNS and clay: (R2 = 0.70, p <0.01), greenMNS and CTC (R2 = 0.73, p <0.01), redMNS and P (R2 = 0.64, p <0.05), blueMNS and EC (R2 = 0.96, p <0.01) and, greenMNS and Fe (R2 = 0.75, p <0.01). For the plant atributes, were: greenMNS and P17 (R2 = 0.70, p <0.01), defects with regressions ranging from 0.71 - 0.84 and, redMNS and productivity (R2 = 0.95, p <0.01). The results showed that the use of the color determined by red, green and blue allowed to identify soil attributes and areas with productive and qualitative potentials of coffee. For the study in the Midwest Paulista Plateau, a grid was realized in an area of 13 million hectares, totaling 600 samples in the depth of 0.00-0.20 meters. In these samples, the color variables were determined. Similarity was observed in the use of DRS and MNS methods. The DRS semivariograms were range for the hue, value, chroma, red, green and blue variables of 112 km, 216 km, 19 km, 207 km, 183 km and 158 km, respectively. With the use of MNS, the ranges were: 19 km, 226 km, 30 km, 160 km, 218 km and 75 km, respectively. The crossed semivariograms estimated the physical-chemical attributes (clay, cation exchange capacity - CTC, phosphorus - P and hematite-Hm). Crossed semivariograms explained the maximum correlation distance observed between the variables. The results of the MNS showed that the color in the red, green and blue systems can be used to predict the content of clay (77%), CTC (99%), P (90%) and Hm (70%). With the use of DRS, red, green and blue systems predict the content of clay (79%), CTC (94%), P (86%) and Hm (67%). These results show that color is a safe indication of soil attributes. As an alternative of low cost, the MNS has shown to be an efficient tool that allows the evaluation of these attributes.
Modern agriculture in the international context proposes innovations for agribusiness, especially for agricultural practices. However, this progress must help the rural entrepreneur to increase efficiency, using sustainable natural resources: water, land and energy. Thus, the objective of this study was, to verify the potential of the sensors to obtain the spectral data of an argisol with coffee cultivation. We used a set of data with a grid 51 soil samples on 39 hectares, with coffee cultivation (Yellow Catuaí, lineage IAC 62). Obtaining the color variables: hue, value, chroma, red, green and blue was determined by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and mobile near sensor (MNS). The results were related to soil attributes in the following cases: redMNS and clay: (R2 = 0.70, p <0.01), greenMNS and CTC (R2 = 0.73, p <0.01), redMNS and P (R2 = 0.64, p <0.05), blueMNS and EC (R2 = 0.96, p <0.01) and, greenMNS and Fe (R2 = 0.75, p <0.01). For the plant atributes, were: greenMNS and P17 (R2 = 0.70, p <0.01), defects with regressions ranging from 0.71 - 0.84 and, redMNS and productivity (R2 = 0.95, p <0.01). The results showed that the use of the color determined by red, green and blue allowed to identify soil attributes and areas with productive and qualitative potentials of coffee. For the study in the Midwest Paulista Plateau, a grid was realized in an area of 13 million hectares, totaling 600 samples in the depth of 0.00-0.20 meters. In these samples, the color variables were determined. Similarity was observed in the use of DRS and MNS methods. The DRS semivariograms were range for the hue, value, chroma, red, green and blue variables of 112 km, 216 km, 19 km, 207 km, 183 km and 158 km, respectively. With the use of MNS, the ranges were: 19 km, 226 km, 30 km, 160 km, 218 km and 75 km, respectively. The crossed semivariograms estimated the physical-chemical attributes (clay, cation exchange capacity - CTC, phosphorus - P and hematite-Hm). Crossed semivariograms explained the maximum correlation distance observed between the variables. The results of the MNS showed that the color in the red, green and blue systems can be used to predict the content of clay (77%), CTC (99%), P (90%) and Hm (70%). With the use of DRS, red, green and blue systems predict the content of clay (79%), CTC (94%), P (86%) and Hm (67%). These results show that color is a safe indication of soil attributes. As an alternative of low cost, the MNS has shown to be an efficient tool that allows the evaluation of these attributes.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Espectroscopia de reflectância difusa, Manejo sustentável, Protocolo de mapeamento, Sensor próximo móbile, Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, Sustainable management, Mapping protocol, Mobile near sensor