Metagenoma para prospecção de enzimas e produtos de interesse no biocontrole de fitopatógenos
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Data
2017-11-28
Autores
Cancelado, Sonia Villamizar
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O repertório de enzimas derivadas de microrganismos, com aplicações medicinais, agrícolas e industriais, assim como os produtos naturais provindos de microrganismos encontrasse grandemente limitado. Devido a que, a ampla maioria dos microrganismos ambientais são não cultiváveis, o que faz essa rica fonte permanecer relativamente inexplorada. Hoje a metagenômica, pode proporcionar acesso independente de cultivo, no estudo da diversidade populacional e seu potencial funcional. O solo é um dos principais reservatórios da diversidade microbiana e, provavelmente o ambiente mais desafiante para o estudo; pois abrange várias populações com múltiplas relações de interdependência. Por outro lado, o compostagem que é a conversão biológica de material orgânico num produto final estabilizado, é usado como um aditivo para a adubação do solo. O processo de compostagem, é mediado pela complexidade da comunidade bacteriana residente, e sua alta plasticidade metabólica. Consequentemente, solos adubados com o mesmo, são uma fonte altamente conveniente, para o isolamento e identificação de microbiota produtora de enzimas para diversas aplicações biotecnológicas. No presente trabalho aborda-se uma análise metagenômica, na identificação de enzimas de interesse biotecnológico, particularmente as celulases e as fitasses e, moléculas com atividade antibiótica (fenazinas). E sob outra perspectiva, o isolamento de bactérias com potencial atividade bactericida frente a microrganismos fitopatogênicos.
The collection of enzymes derived from microorganisms, with medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as natural products from microorganisms, it has been greatly limited. Because the vast majority of environmental microorganisms are non-cultured, this rich source remains relatively unexplored. Currently the Metagenomic can provide independent culture approach to study of population diversity and its functional potential. Soil is one of the main reservoirs of microbial diversity and probably the most challenging environment for the study; because it encompasses several populations with multiple interdependence relationships. On the other hand, composting, which is the biological conversion of organic material into a stabilized final product, is used as an additive for soil fertilization. The composting process is facilitated by complex community of the resident bacterial, and its high metabolic plasticity. Consequently, soils fertilized with compost are a highly convenient source, for the isolation and identification of microbiota producing enzymes for various biotechnological applications. The present work addresses a metagenomic analysis for the identification of enzymes of biotechnological interest, particularly celluloses, phytases, and molecules with antibiotic activity (phenazines), also as well, the isolation of bacterial strains with potential bactericidal activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms.
The collection of enzymes derived from microorganisms, with medicinal, agricultural and industrial applications, as well as natural products from microorganisms, it has been greatly limited. Because the vast majority of environmental microorganisms are non-cultured, this rich source remains relatively unexplored. Currently the Metagenomic can provide independent culture approach to study of population diversity and its functional potential. Soil is one of the main reservoirs of microbial diversity and probably the most challenging environment for the study; because it encompasses several populations with multiple interdependence relationships. On the other hand, composting, which is the biological conversion of organic material into a stabilized final product, is used as an additive for soil fertilization. The composting process is facilitated by complex community of the resident bacterial, and its high metabolic plasticity. Consequently, soils fertilized with compost are a highly convenient source, for the isolation and identification of microbiota producing enzymes for various biotechnological applications. The present work addresses a metagenomic analysis for the identification of enzymes of biotechnological interest, particularly celluloses, phytases, and molecules with antibiotic activity (phenazines), also as well, the isolation of bacterial strains with potential bactericidal activity against phytopathogenic microorganisms.
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Palavras-chave
Fitases, celulases, moléculas bioativas, controle biológico, Biological control, Celluloses, Phytases, Bioactive molecules