Diferentes relações ômega-6/ômega-3 na dieta de galinhas poedeiras
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Data
2018-04-26
Autores
Oliveira, Jéssica Franzão Ganzaroli de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A relação entre o consumo de ácidos graxos ω-6/ω-3 na dieta é um importante fator para determinar a ingestão adequada de ácidos graxos bem como prevenir o aparecimento de doenças, podendo interferir no desempenho, na qualidade de ovos e no comportamento plasmático dos lipídios das galinhas poedeiras. Estes ovos podem trazer benefícios para os consumidores que estão cada vez mais preocupados com a ingestão de alimentos saudáveis. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar diferentes relações ômega-6/ômega-3, visando obter incremento no desempenho, nas variáveis bioquímicas séricas e na qualidade dos ovos de galinhas poedeiras às 81 semanas de idade. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 224 poedeiras da linhagem Hysex White com 81 semanas de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado constituído de sete tratamentos com oito repetições de quatro aves por gaiola, perfazendo um total de 56 gaiolas. Os tratamentos experimentais consistiram em sete diferentes relações de ácidos graxos ω-6/ω-3: 1,0:1,0; 2,0:1,0; 4,0:1,0; 8,0:1,0; 16,0:1,0; 32,0:1,0; 64,0:1,0. Para a formulação dessas dietas foram utilizados o óleo de girassol, rico em ômega-6 e o óleo de linhaça, rico em ômega-3. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as variáveis de desempenho, exceto para consumo de ração que aumentou linearmente conforme ascendeu a relação ω-6/ω-3 da dieta, destacando que a inclusão de óleo de linhaça em maiores proporções na dieta resultou em menor consumo de ração, indicando que o óleo de linhaça por ser rico em ômega-3 proporciona sensação de saciedade no animal. Os valores encontrados para as variáveis de qualidade de ovos também não apresentaram diferença significativa entre as dietas, sendo possível a suplementação da ração com ácidos graxos polinsaturados, em diferentes relações, sem promover alterações na qualidade de ovos com exceção da unidade Haugh, em que observou-se efeito quadrático, indicando melhor valor para a relação ω-6/ω-3 de 32. Concluiu-se que o aumento na relação ω-6/ω-3 eleva o consumo de ração das galinhas poedeiras. A relação ω-6/ω-3 de 34,64 proporciona maior unidade Haugh de ovos, diminuindo a partir desse ponto. As demais variáveis de desempenho e de qualidade de ovos permanecem inalteradas. As relações ω-6/ω-3 não influenciam as variáveis bioquímicas séricas das galinhas.
The relation between consumption of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids in the diet is an important factor in determining the adequate intake of fatty acids and preventing the onset of diseases, which may interfere with performance, egg quality and plasma lipids behavior of laying hens. These eggs can bring benefits to consumers who are increasingly concerned about eating healthy foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate different omega-6/omega-3 ratios, and its influence to increase performance, serum biochemical variables and egg quality of laying hens at 81 weeks of age. For this, 224 laying hens of the Hysex White, 81 weeks old, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of seven treatments with eight replicates of four poultries per cage, making a total of 56 cages. The experimental treatments consisted of seven different fatty acid ratios ω-6/ω-3: 1.0: 1.0; 2.0: 1.0; 4.0: 1.0; 8.0: 1.0; 16.0: 1.0; 32.0: 1.0; 64.0: 1.0. For formulation of these diets we used sunflower oil, rich in omega-6 and linseed oil, rich in omega-3. No significant differences were observed between variables, except about feed intake that increased linearly as ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet rose. This result showed that the inclusion of flaxseed oil in higher proportions can lead to lower intake of ration, indicating that flaxseed oil being rich in omega-3 provides animal satiation. Values found for egg quality variables also did not present a significant difference between diets, indicating the possibility to supplement the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, in different ratios, without promoting changes in egg quality, except for Haugh unit, in which it observed quadratic effect. By increasing ω-6/ω-3 ratio also increases feed consumption of laying hens, suggesting better value for the ω-6/ω-3 ratio as 32. The ω-6/ω-3 ratio of 34.64 provides higher Haugh unit of eggs, decreasing from that point. Other performance and egg quality variables remain unchanged. The ω-6/ω-3 ratios did not influence the serum biochemical variables of laying hens.
The relation between consumption of ω-6/ω-3 fatty acids in the diet is an important factor in determining the adequate intake of fatty acids and preventing the onset of diseases, which may interfere with performance, egg quality and plasma lipids behavior of laying hens. These eggs can bring benefits to consumers who are increasingly concerned about eating healthy foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate different omega-6/omega-3 ratios, and its influence to increase performance, serum biochemical variables and egg quality of laying hens at 81 weeks of age. For this, 224 laying hens of the Hysex White, 81 weeks old, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of seven treatments with eight replicates of four poultries per cage, making a total of 56 cages. The experimental treatments consisted of seven different fatty acid ratios ω-6/ω-3: 1.0: 1.0; 2.0: 1.0; 4.0: 1.0; 8.0: 1.0; 16.0: 1.0; 32.0: 1.0; 64.0: 1.0. For formulation of these diets we used sunflower oil, rich in omega-6 and linseed oil, rich in omega-3. No significant differences were observed between variables, except about feed intake that increased linearly as ω-6/ω-3 ratio of the diet rose. This result showed that the inclusion of flaxseed oil in higher proportions can lead to lower intake of ration, indicating that flaxseed oil being rich in omega-3 provides animal satiation. Values found for egg quality variables also did not present a significant difference between diets, indicating the possibility to supplement the diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids, in different ratios, without promoting changes in egg quality, except for Haugh unit, in which it observed quadratic effect. By increasing ω-6/ω-3 ratio also increases feed consumption of laying hens, suggesting better value for the ω-6/ω-3 ratio as 32. The ω-6/ω-3 ratio of 34.64 provides higher Haugh unit of eggs, decreasing from that point. Other performance and egg quality variables remain unchanged. The ω-6/ω-3 ratios did not influence the serum biochemical variables of laying hens.
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Palavras-chave
Aves, Desempenho zootécnico, Enriquecimento de ovos, Metabolismo, Ômega-3, Ômega-6, Egg enrichment, Metabolism, Omega-3, Omega-6, Poultry, Zootechnical performance