Os incentivos fiscais como mecanismo de desenvolvimento das políticas agrícolas: a utilização dos benefícios fiscais no fomento à produção agropecuária e a garantia da segurança alimentar
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2018-09-21
Autores
Souza, Rodrigo Mendonça de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho analisamos a dinâmica que as políticas públicas possuem sobre a atividade produtiva no campo. Buscamos compreender o potencial que as medidas de fomento, sejam elas tributárias ou creditícias, têm no estímulo da produção agropecuária em nosso país. O Brasil possui extensa área agricultável e, desde a sua formação aproveitou-se de tais condições participando como protagonista em quase todos os grandes ciclos de commodities agrícolas ocorridos na história recente do mundo. Atualmente figura como grande exportador de diversos gêneros agrícolas, sendo por conseguinte peça chave na segurança alimentar global. Ocorre, porém, que, conforme discutido neste trabalho, o impulso em se tornar uma plataforma de exportações deve ser empreendido com planejamento, de modo que tal ímpeto não resulte em reduzir a disponibilidade de alimentos para o mercado interno. Ademais, é imprescindível que os responsáveis pelas políticas públicas estejam atentos ao desenvolvimento de políticas indutoras, de modo a resguardar o equilíbrio produtivo no campo, evitando os processos de substituição de culturas que vêm afetando os níveis de produção de alguns gêneros alimentícios no país. Procuramos descrever o nexo causal entre queda de áreas de cultivo e de disponibilidade per capta de alguns produtos e a evolução de seus preços ao consumidor, resultando por meio deste processo em uma significativa fonte de instabilidade econômica e social no país. Neste contexto de desafios, procuramos lançar luz ao potencial que a política tributária possui no desenvolvimento de uma política agrícola progressista e alinhada aos interesses nacionais. Através da fundamentação de uma boa política agrícola seremos capazes de produzir alimentos em quantidade e qualidade suficientes para atender a demanda interna e, também, sermos capazes de atuar no mercado agrícola internacional, gerando empregos e renda no país.
In this paper we analyze the dynamics that public policies have about productive activity in the countryside. We seek to understand the potential that the fomentation measures, be they taxes or credit, have in the stimulus of agricultural production in our country. Brazil has extensive arable land and since its formation has taken advantage of such conditions participating as protagonist in almost all major cycles of agricultural commodities occurred in the recent history of the world. Today it is a major exporter of various agricultural products and is therefore a key player in global food security. However, as discussed in this paper, the drive to become an export platform should be undertaken with planning, so that such momentum does not result in reducing the availability of food for the domestic market. In addition, it is imperative that those in charge of public policies be attentive to the development of inductive policies, in order to safeguard the productive balance in the field, avoiding the processes of substitution of cultures that are affecting the levels of production of some foodstuffs in the country. We attempt to describe the causal link between the decline in cultivation areas and the availability per capita of some products and the evolution of their prices to the consumer, resulting in this process as a significant source of economic and social instability in the country. In this context of challenges, we seek to shed light on the potential of tax policy in the development of a progressive agricultural policy aligned with national interests. Through the foundation of a good agricultural policy we will be able to produce food in sufficient quantity and quality to meet domestic demand and also be able to act in the international agricultural market, generating jobs and income in the country.
In this paper we analyze the dynamics that public policies have about productive activity in the countryside. We seek to understand the potential that the fomentation measures, be they taxes or credit, have in the stimulus of agricultural production in our country. Brazil has extensive arable land and since its formation has taken advantage of such conditions participating as protagonist in almost all major cycles of agricultural commodities occurred in the recent history of the world. Today it is a major exporter of various agricultural products and is therefore a key player in global food security. However, as discussed in this paper, the drive to become an export platform should be undertaken with planning, so that such momentum does not result in reducing the availability of food for the domestic market. In addition, it is imperative that those in charge of public policies be attentive to the development of inductive policies, in order to safeguard the productive balance in the field, avoiding the processes of substitution of cultures that are affecting the levels of production of some foodstuffs in the country. We attempt to describe the causal link between the decline in cultivation areas and the availability per capita of some products and the evolution of their prices to the consumer, resulting in this process as a significant source of economic and social instability in the country. In this context of challenges, we seek to shed light on the potential of tax policy in the development of a progressive agricultural policy aligned with national interests. Through the foundation of a good agricultural policy we will be able to produce food in sufficient quantity and quality to meet domestic demand and also be able to act in the international agricultural market, generating jobs and income in the country.
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Palavras-chave
Políticas públicas, Políticas agrícolas, Incentivo fiscal, Segurança alimentar, Fomento, Government policies, Agricultural policies, Tax breaks, Food security, Development