A convivência na escola a partir da perspectiva de alunos e professores: investigando o clima e sua relação com o desempenho escolar em uma instituição de ensino fundamental II e médio
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Data
2018-05-28
Autores
Colombo, Terezinha Ferreira da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O convívio escolar é fonte de desenvolvimento da cidadania. E é no espaço escolar que as relações se estabelecem e a natureza dessas relações depende da formação autônoma de cada indivíduo. Isso nos remete à dinâmica peculiar e inerente ao ambiente educacional: o clima escolar. O clima escolar é caracterizado pela síntese das percepções dos integrantes da instituição com relação a várias dimensões que se inter-relacionam tais como aprendizagem, relacionamentos sociais, segurança, justiça, participação, infraestrutura e pertencimento. Portanto, para conhecer o clima de uma escola é preciso investigar o conjunto de percepções em relação à instituição pelos seus integrantes, o que poderá propiciar à escola a ampliação do conhecimento de sua realidade com vistas a futuras propostas de intervenção. E nesse contexto, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral compreender como alunos e professores percebem e avaliam o clima escolar de uma instituição educativa de Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio, e se haveria uma relação entre a qualidade da avaliação apresentada pelos alunos com o desempenho escolar por eles alcançado. Por específicos: averiguar o clima escolar com professores e alunos de Ensinos Fundamental II e Médio; relacionar os dados do clima, a partir das percepções dos alunos, com os de desempenho desses mesmos sujeitos; comparar as percepções dos alunos conforme o nível de ensino e as dos professores com as dos alunos, dando-se especial atenção às dimensões “Ensino e Aprendizagem”, “Relações Sociais e conflitos na escola” e “As regras, as sanções e a segurança na escola”. A metodologia é do tipo descritivo e próxima do nível explicativo e quanto à natureza dos dados é quantitativa e correlacional. Os instrumentos para avaliação do clima escolar são questionários específicos, construídos para a realidade escolar brasileira, destinados a alunos, professores e gestores, os quais foram validados, e mensuram as seguintes dimensões: relações com o ensino e a aprendizagem; relações sociais e conflitos; regras, sanções e segurança; situações de intimidação entre os alunos, relações entre a família, comunidade e a escola; infraestrutura e a rede física da escola; relações com o trabalho; e gestão e participação. Os questionários de clima escolar foram aplicados para 214 estudantes do Ensino Fundamental II (do 7º ao 9º ano); 203 alunos do Ensino Médio (1ª a 3ª séries) e 35 professores dos dois níveis de ensino. Os resultados indicaram que as avaliações mais positivas foram apresentadas pelos professores, seguidas pelas dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II e, por fim, pelos alunos do Ensino Médio. Podemos ainda atestar que as avaliações das dimensões que compõem o clima escolar, ficaram entre positivas e intermediárias respectivamente. Verificou-se também que uma avaliação mais positiva do clima favorece um melhor desempenho nas diferentes disciplinas por eles cursadas. Entretanto isto não se confirmou para todas as variáveis das dimensões avaliadas. Outro ponto a ressaltar refere-se à variável “Crença nos estudos”, que pode influenciar de forma positiva o desempenho em todas as disciplinas nos dois níveis de ensino. Esperamos que essa pesquisa possa fornecer subsídios para que a instituição escolar amplie seu conhecimento acerca da realidade de seu clima escolar, para que consiga, a partir desse diagnóstico, refletir sobre e sistematizar intervenções voltadas à melhoria da convivência na escola.
Coexisting in the school environment is a way to learn how to be an active citizen. Relationships are established in the school, and their nature depends on the development and upbringing of each person. There is a peculiar dynamic regarding the school environment: the school climate, characterized by the synthesis of the perceptions of all members of the institution. This climate has many interrelated dimensions, like learning, social relationships, safety, justice, participation, infrastructure and the sense of belonging. To know the climate in a school one needs to investigate how its members perceive the institution. This investigation can help the school enhance its knowledge of the situation, in order to provide means of further intervention. In this context, the general objective of this research was to understand how teachers and students of a middle and high school institution perceive and evaluate the climate of the school, in order to understand if there is a direct correlation between the qualitative evaluation expressed by the students and their academic performance. The specific purpose was to understand how these teachers and students assess the school climate; correlate all data, regarding the perception of the students, to their performance; compare the perceptions of students and teachers according to their level, giving special attention to the themes “Teaching and learning”, “Social relationships and conflicts in school” and “Rules, sanctions and safety in school”. The method was descritive, near explanative level, the nature of the data was quantitative and correlational. The tools used to evaluate the climate of the school environment were specifical questionnaires, built and adapted to the reality of the Brazilian educational system, destined to be answered by students, teachers and members of the school board. These questionnaires were validated and were to used to assess the following subjects: relationship between teaching and learning; social relationships and conflicts; rules, sanctions and safety; bullying among students; how family, community and school interact; infrastructure and school facilities; work relationships; management and participation. The questionnaires were given to 214 middle-school students (7th to 9th grades), 203 high-school students (10th to 12th grades) and 35 teachers of both school grades. The results indicated that the most positive evaluations came from the teachers, followed by the evaluations given by middle school students and last by the evaluations of the high school students. The school climate was rated, respectively, between positive and satisfactory. It was possible to conclude that a better academic performance was directly related to the satisfaction with the school climate expressed by the student. This, however, could not be applied to all variables. Another point worth of mention is the variable “Belief in study”, that can have positively affect performance in all disciplines of both school grades. We hope this research can provide subsidies for the educational institution to enhance its knowledge of the reality of the school climate, in order to consider interventions destined to improve the relationships among all that live together in the same educational space.
Coexisting in the school environment is a way to learn how to be an active citizen. Relationships are established in the school, and their nature depends on the development and upbringing of each person. There is a peculiar dynamic regarding the school environment: the school climate, characterized by the synthesis of the perceptions of all members of the institution. This climate has many interrelated dimensions, like learning, social relationships, safety, justice, participation, infrastructure and the sense of belonging. To know the climate in a school one needs to investigate how its members perceive the institution. This investigation can help the school enhance its knowledge of the situation, in order to provide means of further intervention. In this context, the general objective of this research was to understand how teachers and students of a middle and high school institution perceive and evaluate the climate of the school, in order to understand if there is a direct correlation between the qualitative evaluation expressed by the students and their academic performance. The specific purpose was to understand how these teachers and students assess the school climate; correlate all data, regarding the perception of the students, to their performance; compare the perceptions of students and teachers according to their level, giving special attention to the themes “Teaching and learning”, “Social relationships and conflicts in school” and “Rules, sanctions and safety in school”. The method was descritive, near explanative level, the nature of the data was quantitative and correlational. The tools used to evaluate the climate of the school environment were specifical questionnaires, built and adapted to the reality of the Brazilian educational system, destined to be answered by students, teachers and members of the school board. These questionnaires were validated and were to used to assess the following subjects: relationship between teaching and learning; social relationships and conflicts; rules, sanctions and safety; bullying among students; how family, community and school interact; infrastructure and school facilities; work relationships; management and participation. The questionnaires were given to 214 middle-school students (7th to 9th grades), 203 high-school students (10th to 12th grades) and 35 teachers of both school grades. The results indicated that the most positive evaluations came from the teachers, followed by the evaluations given by middle school students and last by the evaluations of the high school students. The school climate was rated, respectively, between positive and satisfactory. It was possible to conclude that a better academic performance was directly related to the satisfaction with the school climate expressed by the student. This, however, could not be applied to all variables. Another point worth of mention is the variable “Belief in study”, that can have positively affect performance in all disciplines of both school grades. We hope this research can provide subsidies for the educational institution to enhance its knowledge of the reality of the school climate, in order to consider interventions destined to improve the relationships among all that live together in the same educational space.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Avaliação do clima escolar, Relações interpessoais na escola, Conflitos na escola, Desempenho escolar, Ensinos fundamental II e médio, Evaluation of the school climate, Interpersonal relationships in the school, Conflicts in the school, Educational performance, Middle and high school