Hidrogéis como sistema de liberação de fotossensibilizador para terapia fotodinâmica contra Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes
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Data
2018-05-30
Autores
Frade, Maria Lucia
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A acne vulgar é uma das dermatoses mais frequentes em jovens e a infecção causada pela bactéria Cutibacterium acnes (antigo Propionibacterium acnes) tem importante papel na patogênese da acne. Existem várias opções de tratamento que variam de acordo com a gravidade da doença, porém são associados com reações indesejadas e resistência aos antimicrobianos. A terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana (TFDa) então é proposta como tratamento alternativo para inativar C. acnes juntamente com a incorporação do fotossensibilizador (FS) em uma formulação tópica para otimizar a terapia. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficácia in vitro da TFDa mediada pelo azul de metileno (AM) incorporado em hidrogel de quitosana e poloxamer (HG-AM) contra C. acnes em fase planctônica e biofilme. A viabilidade celular após TFDa foi avaliada através da quantificação das colônias formadas por mililitro de amostra (UFC/mL). Para caracterizar estruturalmente os HGs foram realizadas as análises oscilatórias e de comportamento de fluxo em reômetro de estresse controlado com geometria placa-cone e a bioadesão em pele de orelha de porco utilizando um texturômetro. A análise estatística dos dados feita foi a Análise de Variância (one way ANOVA) com pós-teste de Tukey. Os resultados deste estudo mostrou que a TFDa contra C. acnes foi eficaz utilizando HG-AM em fase plactônica. A concentração bactericida mínima foi de 12,5 µg/mL associada a uma fluência de 90 J/cm2. O biofilme de C. acnes não foi totalmente eliminado pela TFDa com HG-AM nas condições testadas. A máxima redução microbiana alcançada com o HG-AM foi de 1,9 log10 com 75 µg/mL do FS utilizando 150 J/cm2 e 30 minutos de pré-incubação do biofilme com o HG-AM. O HG a 0,25% de quitosana (HG1) mostrou-se adequado para aplicação na superfície da pele pois concentrações maiores de quitosana aumentam a elasticidade do hidrogel, podendo atrasar a liberação do FS. A incorporação do AM não afetou suas características reológicas e bioadesivas de forma significativa. Foi possível concluir que a TFDa mediada por HG-AM foi mais eficiente do que AM em solução para a redução total da carga microbiana em fase planctônica nas mesmas condições.
Acne vulgaris is one of the most frequent dermatosis in young people and the infection caused by the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. There are several treatments options that vary according to the severity of the disease, but are associated with unwanted reactions and antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is then proposed as an alternative treatment to inactivate C. acnes together with the incorporation of the photosensitizer (PS) into a topical formulation to optimize therapy. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of methylene blue (MB) mediated TFDa incorporated in chitosan and poloxamer (HG-MB) hydrogels against planktonic and biofilm C. acnes. Cell viability after aPDT was evaluated by quantifying the colonies formed per milliliter of sample (CFU / mL). To characterize structurally the HG were performed the oscillatory and behavior of flow in a controlled stress rheometer with cone-plate geometry and bioadhesion in pig ear skin using a texture analyser. The statistical analysis of the data was the Analysis of Variance (one way ANOVA) with post-test of Tukey. The results of this study showed that aPDT was effective using HG-MB in planktonic phase. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 12.5 μg/mL associated with a fluence of 90 J/cm2. The C. acnes biofilm was not totally eliminated by the aPDT with HG-MB under the conditions tested. The maximum microbial reduction achieved with HG-MB was 1.9 log10 with 75 μg/mL of the PS using 150 J/cm2 and 30 minutes biofilm incubation with HG-MB. HG at 0.25% of chitosan (HG1) was adequate for application to the skin surface because higher concentrations of chitosan increase the elasticity of the hydrogel and may delay PS release. The incorporation of MB did not significantly affect its rheological and bioadhesive characteristics. It was possible to conclude that HG-MB mediated aPDT was more efficient than MB solution for the total reduction of planktonic microbial load under the same conditions.
Acne vulgaris is one of the most frequent dermatosis in young people and the infection caused by the bacteria Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acne. There are several treatments options that vary according to the severity of the disease, but are associated with unwanted reactions and antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is then proposed as an alternative treatment to inactivate C. acnes together with the incorporation of the photosensitizer (PS) into a topical formulation to optimize therapy. This work aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of methylene blue (MB) mediated TFDa incorporated in chitosan and poloxamer (HG-MB) hydrogels against planktonic and biofilm C. acnes. Cell viability after aPDT was evaluated by quantifying the colonies formed per milliliter of sample (CFU / mL). To characterize structurally the HG were performed the oscillatory and behavior of flow in a controlled stress rheometer with cone-plate geometry and bioadhesion in pig ear skin using a texture analyser. The statistical analysis of the data was the Analysis of Variance (one way ANOVA) with post-test of Tukey. The results of this study showed that aPDT was effective using HG-MB in planktonic phase. The minimum bactericidal concentration was 12.5 μg/mL associated with a fluence of 90 J/cm2. The C. acnes biofilm was not totally eliminated by the aPDT with HG-MB under the conditions tested. The maximum microbial reduction achieved with HG-MB was 1.9 log10 with 75 μg/mL of the PS using 150 J/cm2 and 30 minutes biofilm incubation with HG-MB. HG at 0.25% of chitosan (HG1) was adequate for application to the skin surface because higher concentrations of chitosan increase the elasticity of the hydrogel and may delay PS release. The incorporation of MB did not significantly affect its rheological and bioadhesive characteristics. It was possible to conclude that HG-MB mediated aPDT was more efficient than MB solution for the total reduction of planktonic microbial load under the same conditions.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Terapia fotodinâmica antimicrobiana, Acne vulgar, Cutibacterium acnes, Azul de metileno, Hidrogel, Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, Acne vulgaris, Methylene blue