Propagação vegetativa de assa-peixe (vernonia polyanthes (spreng.) Less.): estaquia caulinar e miniestaquia
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2018-04-26
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.) é uma planta medicinal popularmente utilizada para tratamento de afecções do aparelho respiratório, problemas renais, diurética, dentre outras. Poucas informações sobre sua propagação são encontradas na literatura, suas sementes apresentam baixo percentual de germinação e a propagação vegetativa se mostrou pouco produtiva e inviável. Com isso o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da propagação vegetativa através das técnicas de estaquia e miniestaquia. Os experimentos foram realizados na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Câmpus de Botucatu - SP. O capítulo 1 foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou a influência de diferentes épocas (outono, inverno, primavera e verão) de retirada do ramo no enraizamento de estacas caulinares herbáceas da espécie. No experimento II foram realizado quatro experimentos independentes e simultâneos, sendo testados dois reguladores vegetais sintéticos (IBA e NAA) em duas formas (talco e líquido), um regulador vegetal natural (extrato do bulbo de tiririca) e um preparado homeopático (Arnica montana) em dois tipos de estacas (herbácea com folha e lenhosa sem folha). Os ramos coletados no outono obtiveram melhores resultados, apresentando taxa de enraizamento de 67,5%, o inverno obteve o pior resultado com a mortalidade de todo o estande, primavera e verão tiveram baixas taxas de sobrevivência e enraizamento, atingindo 8 e 4%, respectivamente. No experimento II a taxa de sobrevivência e enraizamento foi extremamente baixa, com isso impossibilitou a realização das análises estatísticas. O capítulo 2 também foi dividido em dois experimentos. O experimento I verificou quatro espaçamentos de plantio de minicepas de assa-peixe (0,10 x 0,10 m; 0,15 x 0,15 m; 0,20 x 0,20 m e 0,25 x 0,25 m), onde o maior espaçamento obteve as melhores médias nas características avaliadas, com destaque para a maior produção de miniestacas. O experimento II avaliou a influência de duas fontes de adubação (sintética e orgânica) em duas concentrações (50 e 100%). A fertirrigação orgânica 50% apresentou a maior porcentagem de miniestacas enraizadas. Níveis elevados de condutividade elétrica afetou o desenvolvimento das minicepas, as produções e o desenvolvimento das miniestacas, sendo o tratamento com fertirrigação sintética 100% o mais prejudicial.
Among medicinal plants, there is assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.), which is popularly for treating affections of the respiratory apparatus, kidney failure, dieresis and other illnesses. There is a paucity of literature on propagation methods for assa-peixe, since their seeds have a low germination percentage; consequently, vegetative propagation is quite unfeasible. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of vegetative propagation through cutting and mini-cutting techniques. Experiments were installed at the Lageado Experimental Farm, School of Agriculture of the Botucatu Campus (FCA/UNESP). Chapter 1 was divided into two experiments; the first experiment examined branch removal under different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer) for rooting of softwood cuttings; besides four independent and simultaneous experiments were also conducted with two plant growth regulators (IBA and NAA) tested on both forms of talc and liquid, a natural plant regulator (bulb extract) and a homeopathic remedy (Arnica montana) in softwood (with leaf) and hardwood (without leaf) cuttings. Results indicated that autumn branches performed better results, that is, a rooting rate of 67.5%; while winter showed the worst result with the mortality for the whole-stand; but spring and summer had low survival and rooting rates, reaching 8 and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, survival and rooting rates were extremely low in the second experiment, making it impossible to carry out useful statistical analyzes. Chapter 2 was also divided into two experiments, the first experiment assessed plant spacing on assa-peixe (0.10 x 0.10m, 0.15 x 0.15m, 0.20 x 0.20m and 0.25 x 0.25m), showing that the largest spacing provided the best means of evaluated traits, highlighting the higher production of mini-cuttings. Moreover, the influence of two fertilization sources (synthetic and organic) at two concentrations (50 and 100%) was evaluated in the second experiment. Results indicated that 50% oganic fertigation presented the highest percentage of rooted mini-cuttings. Also, high levels of electrical conductivity affected production, mini-cuttings and seedling development; consequently, 100% synthetic fertigation was the most harmful.
Among medicinal plants, there is assa-peixe (Vernonia polyanthes (Spreng.) Less.), which is popularly for treating affections of the respiratory apparatus, kidney failure, dieresis and other illnesses. There is a paucity of literature on propagation methods for assa-peixe, since their seeds have a low germination percentage; consequently, vegetative propagation is quite unfeasible. This study aimed to evaluate the viability of vegetative propagation through cutting and mini-cutting techniques. Experiments were installed at the Lageado Experimental Farm, School of Agriculture of the Botucatu Campus (FCA/UNESP). Chapter 1 was divided into two experiments; the first experiment examined branch removal under different seasons (autumn, winter, spring and summer) for rooting of softwood cuttings; besides four independent and simultaneous experiments were also conducted with two plant growth regulators (IBA and NAA) tested on both forms of talc and liquid, a natural plant regulator (bulb extract) and a homeopathic remedy (Arnica montana) in softwood (with leaf) and hardwood (without leaf) cuttings. Results indicated that autumn branches performed better results, that is, a rooting rate of 67.5%; while winter showed the worst result with the mortality for the whole-stand; but spring and summer had low survival and rooting rates, reaching 8 and 4%, respectively. Furthermore, survival and rooting rates were extremely low in the second experiment, making it impossible to carry out useful statistical analyzes. Chapter 2 was also divided into two experiments, the first experiment assessed plant spacing on assa-peixe (0.10 x 0.10m, 0.15 x 0.15m, 0.20 x 0.20m and 0.25 x 0.25m), showing that the largest spacing provided the best means of evaluated traits, highlighting the higher production of mini-cuttings. Moreover, the influence of two fertilization sources (synthetic and organic) at two concentrations (50 and 100%) was evaluated in the second experiment. Results indicated that 50% oganic fertigation presented the highest percentage of rooted mini-cuttings. Also, high levels of electrical conductivity affected production, mini-cuttings and seedling development; consequently, 100% synthetic fertigation was the most harmful.
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Palavras-chave
Plantas medicinais, Estaquia, Minijardim clonal, Medicinal plants, Cutting, Clonal mini-garden