A insciência do usuário na fase de coleta de dados: privacidade em foco
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Data
2018-07-05
Autores
Affonso, Elaine Parra [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A coleta de dados tem se tornado uma atividade predominante nos mais diversos meios digitais, em que as redes de computadores, principalmente a Internet, são essenciais para essa fase. A fim de minimizar a complexidade envolvida no uso de aplicações e de meios de comunicação, a relação usuário-tecnologia tem sido apoiada por interfaces cada vez mais amigáveis, o que contribui para que a coleta de dados, muitas vezes, ocorra de forma imperceptível ao usuário, tornando-o insciente sobre a coleta realizada pelos detentores de dados, situação que pode ferir o direito à privacidade de usuários e de referenciados. Para proporcionar consciência sobre a coleta de dados aos usuários, ambientes digitais disponibilizam políticas de privacidade com informações sobre essa fase, buscando conformidade às leis e aos regulamentos que amparam a proteção de dados pessoais, muito representada na literatura acadêmica por meio de modelos e técnicas para anonimização. A insciência sobre a coleta de dados pode estabelecer como o indivíduo se preocupa em relação às ameaças à sua privacidade e quais são as atitudes que ele deveria ter para ampliar a proteção de seus dados, que também pode ser estimulada pela carência de ações e de pesquisas de diversas áreas do conhecimento. Diante do exposto, o objetivo desta tese é caracterizar o contexto que favorece a insciência do usuário enquanto alvo de fases de coleta de dados em ambientes digitais, considerando implicações de privacidade. Para tanto, adotou-se a pesquisa exploratória-descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se a triangulação metodológica, a partir do referencial teórico que abarca a anonimização na fase de coleta de dados; legislações que amparam a proteção de dados pessoais e a coleta de dados realizada por tecnologias. Em relação às pesquisas no âmbito de proteção de dados por anonimização, observou-se que existe uma carência de trabalhos na fase de coleta de dados, uma vez que, muitas pesquisas têm concentrado esforços no contexto de medidas para compartilhar dados anonimizados, e quando a anonimização se efetua na coleta de dados, a ênfase tem sido em relação a dados de localização. Muitas vezes, as legislações ao abordarem elementos que estão envolvidos com a fase de coleta, apresentam esses conceitos de modo generalizado, principalmente em relação ao consentimento sobre a coleta, inclusive, a própria menção a atividade de coleta, emerge na maioria das leis por meio do termo tratamento. A maior parte das leis não possui um tópico específico para a coleta de dados, fator que pode fortalecer a insciência do usuário no que tange a coleta de seus dados. Os termos técnicos como anonimização, cookies e dados de tráfego são mencionados nas leis de modo esparso, e muitas vezes não estão vinculados especificamente a fase de coleta. Os dados semi-identificadores se sobressaem na coleta de dados pelos ambientes digitais, cenário que pode ampliar ainda mais as ameaças a privacidade devido à possibilidade de correlação desses dados, e com isso, a construção de perfis de indivíduos. A opacidade promovida pela abstração na coleta de dados pelos dispositivos tecnológicos vai além da insciência do usuário, ocasionando incalculáveis ameaças à privacidade e ampliando, indubitavelmente, a assimetria informacional entre detentores de dados e usuários. Conclui-se que a insciência do usuário sobre sua interação com os ambientes digitais pode diminuir a autonomia para controlar seus dados e acentuar quebras de privacidade. No entanto, a privacidade na coleta de dados é fortalecida no momento em que o usuário tem consciência sobre as ações vinculadas aos seus dados, que devem ser determinadas pelas políticas de privacidade, pelas leis e pelas pesquisas acadêmicas, três elementos evidenciados neste trabalho que se configuram como participativos no cenário que propicia a insciência do usuário.
Data collection has become a predominant activity in several digital media, in which computer networks, especially the internet, are essential for this phase. In order to minimize the complexity involved in the use of applications and media, the relationship between user and technology has been supported by ever more friendly interfaces, which oftentimes contributes to that data collection often occurs imperceptibly. This procedure leads the user to lack of awareness about the collection performed by the data holders, a situation that may harm the right to the privacy of this user and the referenced users. In order to provide awareness about the data collection to the user, digital environments provide privacy policies with information on this phase, seeking compliance with laws and regulations that protect personal data, widely represented in the academic literature through models and techniques to anonymization in the phase of data recovery. The lack of awareness on the data collection can establish how the individual is concerned about threats to its privacy and what actions it should take to extend the protection of its data, which can also be stimulated by the lack of action and researches in several areas of the knowledge. In view of the above, the objective of this thesis is to characterize the context that favors the lack of awareness of the user while the target of data collection phases in digital environments, considering privacy implications. For that, the exploratory research was adopted, with a qualitative approach. The methodological triangulation was used, from the theoretical referential that includes the anonymization in the phase of the data collection; the legislation that supports the protection of personal data and the data collection performed by technologies. The results show that, regarding researches on data protection by anonymization, it was observed that there is an absence of works about the data collection phase, since many researches have concentrated efforts in the context of measures to share anonymized data. When anonymization is done in data collection, the emphasis has been on location data. Often, legislation when addressing elements that are involved with the collection phase, present these concepts in a generalized way, mainly in relation to the consent on the collection, including the very mention of the collection activity, emerges in most laws through the term treatment. Most laws do not have a specific topic for data collection, a factor that can strengthen user insight regarding the collection of their data. Technical terms such as anonymization, cookies and traffic data emerge in the laws sparingly and are often not specifically linked to the collection phase. The quasi-identifiers data stands out in the data collected by the digital environments, a scenario that can further extend the threats to privacy due to the possibility of a correlation of this data, and with this, the construction of profiles of individuals. The opacity promoted by abstraction in data collection by computer networks goes beyonds the lack of awareness of the user, causing incalculable threats to its privacy and undoubtedly widening the informational asymmetry among data keepers and users. It is concluded that user insight about their interaction with digital environments can reduce the autonomy to control their data and accentuates privacy breaches. However, privacy in data collection is strengthened when the user is aware of the actions linked to its data, which should be determined by privacy policies, laws and academic research, i.e, three elements evidenced in this work that are constitute as participatory in the scenario that provides the lack of awareness of the user.
Data collection has become a predominant activity in several digital media, in which computer networks, especially the internet, are essential for this phase. In order to minimize the complexity involved in the use of applications and media, the relationship between user and technology has been supported by ever more friendly interfaces, which oftentimes contributes to that data collection often occurs imperceptibly. This procedure leads the user to lack of awareness about the collection performed by the data holders, a situation that may harm the right to the privacy of this user and the referenced users. In order to provide awareness about the data collection to the user, digital environments provide privacy policies with information on this phase, seeking compliance with laws and regulations that protect personal data, widely represented in the academic literature through models and techniques to anonymization in the phase of data recovery. The lack of awareness on the data collection can establish how the individual is concerned about threats to its privacy and what actions it should take to extend the protection of its data, which can also be stimulated by the lack of action and researches in several areas of the knowledge. In view of the above, the objective of this thesis is to characterize the context that favors the lack of awareness of the user while the target of data collection phases in digital environments, considering privacy implications. For that, the exploratory research was adopted, with a qualitative approach. The methodological triangulation was used, from the theoretical referential that includes the anonymization in the phase of the data collection; the legislation that supports the protection of personal data and the data collection performed by technologies. The results show that, regarding researches on data protection by anonymization, it was observed that there is an absence of works about the data collection phase, since many researches have concentrated efforts in the context of measures to share anonymized data. When anonymization is done in data collection, the emphasis has been on location data. Often, legislation when addressing elements that are involved with the collection phase, present these concepts in a generalized way, mainly in relation to the consent on the collection, including the very mention of the collection activity, emerges in most laws through the term treatment. Most laws do not have a specific topic for data collection, a factor that can strengthen user insight regarding the collection of their data. Technical terms such as anonymization, cookies and traffic data emerge in the laws sparingly and are often not specifically linked to the collection phase. The quasi-identifiers data stands out in the data collected by the digital environments, a scenario that can further extend the threats to privacy due to the possibility of a correlation of this data, and with this, the construction of profiles of individuals. The opacity promoted by abstraction in data collection by computer networks goes beyonds the lack of awareness of the user, causing incalculable threats to its privacy and undoubtedly widening the informational asymmetry among data keepers and users. It is concluded that user insight about their interaction with digital environments can reduce the autonomy to control their data and accentuates privacy breaches. However, privacy in data collection is strengthened when the user is aware of the actions linked to its data, which should be determined by privacy policies, laws and academic research, i.e, three elements evidenced in this work that are constitute as participatory in the scenario that provides the lack of awareness of the user.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Coleta de dados, Insciência, Anonimização, Privacidade, Proteção de dados, Data collect, Lack of awareness, Anonymization, Privacy, Data protection