Políticas de educação ambiental na escola pública: avanços e retrocessos
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Data
2018-05-28
Autores
Figueiredo, Pâmela Buzanello
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Considerando a trajetória da educação ambiental desde seu surgimento até sua instituição como política pública no Brasil, temos que embora o seu surgimento tenha se dado nos movimentos ecologistas, consolidando-se como uma preocupação da sociedade nas últimas décadas do século XX, a educação ambiental passou a ser incorporada no âmbito institucional de organismos como a ONU e a UNESCO incorporando uma perspectiva reformista e conciliatória entre desenvolvimento e sustentabilidade. Essa trajetória da educação ambiental, demonstra um processo de crescimento bastante significativo, inclusive pela garantia de sua inserção na educação escolar, principalmente após a promulgação da PNEA. Assim, com o intuito de analisar as propostas do Órgão Gestor da PNEA para as escolas no Brasil de 2002 a 2014, ou seja, o que definimos para esse estudo foi identificar a relação entre as propostas deste Órgão com aquelas realizadas nas escolas públicas de educação básica do estado de São Paulo. A partir de uma entrevista realizada com um dos Coordenadores Geral de Educação Ambiental do MEC, pudemos perceber que a política de educação ambiental elaborada pelo Órgão Gestor para as escolas configuram-se muito mais como programas do que propriamente como políticas públicas. Compreendidas as políticas públicas de educação ambiental - os programas - propostos pelo Órgão Gestor, buscamos investigar a presença das ações de educação ambiental nas escolas de educação básica do município definido . Os obstáculos e dificuldades enfrentados ao longo desse processo revelaram a fragilidade da formulação das políticas de educação ambiental como um campo de disputas, onde as diferentes vertentes que propõem ações educativas ambientais determinam, em última análise, a adequação e manutenção dos modelos hegemônicos de organização da sociedade. Desse modo, temos que por um lado, a lógica neoliberal orienta as políticas oficiais de educação ambiental caracterizando todo retrocesso que ela vem sofrendo no Brasil ao ponto de reduzir-se a um conjunto de programas, e, por outro lado, no âmbito da educação ambiental escolar, os obstáculos e dificuldades nos mostraram que a forma como se organiza a escola pública, enfraquecem ainda mais a educação ambiental que já vem frágil em forma de políticas públicas.
Considering the environmental education trajectory, from the beginning to its institution as public policy in Brazil, although its emergence has occurred in the ecological movements, consolidating itself as a society’s concern in the last decades of the twentieth century, environmental education has been incorporated into the institutional framework of organizations such as ONU and UNESCO incorporating a reformist and conciliatory perspective between development and sustainability. This trajectory of environmental education demonstrates a significant growth process, including the guarantee of its insertion in school education, especially after the promulgation of the PNEA. In order to analyze the proposals of PNEA Management System for schools in Brazil from 2002 to 2014, which has been defined for this study was to identify the relationship between the proposals of this organization and those carried out in public basic education schools in the state of São Paulo. From an interview with one of MEC Environmental Education General Coordinator, we realize that environmental education policy drawn up by the Management System for schools constitute a lot more like programs than as public policy. Understanding the environmental education public policies - the programs - proposed by the Managing System, we sought to investigate the presence of environmental education actions in the basic education schools from a chosen city. The obstacles and difficulties faced during this process revealed the fragility of the formulation of policies on environmental education as a battle field where the individual sections that propose environmental education actions determine, ultimately, the adequacy and maintenance of hegemonic models for society organization. So we have on one hand, the neoliberal logic that guides the official policies for environmental education featuring all setback it has suffered in Brazil as to reduce to a set of programs, and on the other hand, in education obstacles and difficulties have shown us that the way the public school is organized provokes further weakening in an environmental education that is already fragile in the form of public policies.
Considering the environmental education trajectory, from the beginning to its institution as public policy in Brazil, although its emergence has occurred in the ecological movements, consolidating itself as a society’s concern in the last decades of the twentieth century, environmental education has been incorporated into the institutional framework of organizations such as ONU and UNESCO incorporating a reformist and conciliatory perspective between development and sustainability. This trajectory of environmental education demonstrates a significant growth process, including the guarantee of its insertion in school education, especially after the promulgation of the PNEA. In order to analyze the proposals of PNEA Management System for schools in Brazil from 2002 to 2014, which has been defined for this study was to identify the relationship between the proposals of this organization and those carried out in public basic education schools in the state of São Paulo. From an interview with one of MEC Environmental Education General Coordinator, we realize that environmental education policy drawn up by the Management System for schools constitute a lot more like programs than as public policy. Understanding the environmental education public policies - the programs - proposed by the Managing System, we sought to investigate the presence of environmental education actions in the basic education schools from a chosen city. The obstacles and difficulties faced during this process revealed the fragility of the formulation of policies on environmental education as a battle field where the individual sections that propose environmental education actions determine, ultimately, the adequacy and maintenance of hegemonic models for society organization. So we have on one hand, the neoliberal logic that guides the official policies for environmental education featuring all setback it has suffered in Brazil as to reduce to a set of programs, and on the other hand, in education obstacles and difficulties have shown us that the way the public school is organized provokes further weakening in an environmental education that is already fragile in the form of public policies.
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Palavras-chave
Educação ambiental escolar, Políticas públicas de educação ambiental, Organização da escola pública, School environmental education, Public policies of environmental education, Public school organization