Cromatografia líquida verde e sustentável aplicada ao estudo de byrsonima intermedia e terminalia catappa: desenvolvimento de estratégias e métodos de investigação
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Data
2018-07-13
Autores
Veloso, Juvenal Henrique [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As espécies Byrsonima intermedia (“murici-mirim”) e Terminalia catappa (“castanholas”) apresentam comprovadamente atividades antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, antiulcerogênica, analgésica e cicatrizante e possuem em sua composição taninos, flavonóides e ácidos fenólicos. Essas espécies são potenciais candidatas para a produção de fitoterápicos e dessa forma são necessárias metodologias de análise que identifiquem a constituição química dessas espécies, como impressões digitais (fingerprintings), para comprovação da identidade e controle de qualidade utilizando, por exemplo, a Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). Apesar da importância atribuída a essa técnica, grandes volumes de solventes tóxicos são gerados por ano, como a acetonitrila (MeCN) e metanol (MeOH), aumentando os custos de tratamento desses resíduos além da sua manipulação poder ocasionar danos à saúde dos analistas. Uma alterativa eficiente de reduzir esses impactos é a aplicação dos conceitos da Química Verde (QV). Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi substituir o MeOH por etanol (EtOH) em análises por CLAE-DAD para a obtenção de fingerprintings de extratos hidroalcoólicos das folhas de B. Intermedia e T. catappa, utilizando uma abordagem multiparamétrica, aplicando os conceitos da QV. Para isso foi empregada a quimiometria nas análises por CLAE-DAD, utilizando Planejamento Fatorial Fracionário e Planejamento do Composto Central. Após a otimização do modelo foram identificadas as substâncias majoritárias de ambas as espécies por comparação dos espectros UV e tempo de retenção com padrões autênticos. Este trabalho demonstrou que foi possível a substituição da MeOH por EtOH sem necessidade de modificações no equipamento, apenas alterando o solvente a partir de condições otimizadas, visando o melhor desempenho e menor impacto ambiental do método. Os métodos verdes desenvolvidos foram comparados com os métodos da literatura pela métrica HPLC-EAT a fim de avaliar o impacto ambiental gerado e quanto maior o score obtido pela métrica, mais poluente é o método. Os métodos desenvolvidos obtiveram score entre 27 e 30, enquanto que os métodos da literatura obtiveram score entre 47 e 50. Além de apresentar menor impacto ambiental, a utilização do EtOH em análises de matrizes complexas, demonstrou seletividade semelhante ou superior à do MeOH, permitindo a identificação dos constituintes presentes nos extratos, sendo então uma opção menos tóxica e sustentável.
The species Byrsonima intermedia ("murici-mirim") and Terminalia catappa ("castanets") have shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, analgesic and cicatrizant activities and have tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids in their composition. These species are potential candidates for the production of phytotherapics, and therefore, analytical methodologies are needed to identify the chemical constitution of these species, such as fingerprintings, for proving identity and quality control using, for example, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Despite the importance attached to this technique, large volumes of solvents are generated per year, such as the toxic solvent, acetonitrile, increasing the costs of treatment of the waste generated and its handling can cause damages to health and the environment, and an efficient way to reduce these impacts is the application of the concepts of Green Chemistry. Despite the importance attached to this technique, large volumes of toxic solvents are generated per year, such as acetonitrile (MeCN) and methanol (MeOH), increasing the costs of treatment of these wastes and their manipulation may cause damage to the health of analysts. An efficient alteration to reduce these impacts is the application of the concepts of Green Chemistry (GC). In this context, the objective of this work was to replace the MeOH by ethanol (EtOH) in CLAE-DAD analyzes to obtain fingerprintings of hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves of B. intermedia and T. catappa, using a multiparametric approach, applying the concepts of GC. For this, the chemometry was used in the analyzes by HPLC-DAD, using Fractional Factorial Design and Central Compound Design. After the optimization of the model the major substances of both species were identified by comparison of UV spectra and retention time with authentic standards. This work demonstrated that it was possible to replace the MeOH with EtOH without modifications in the equipment, only changing the solvent from optimized conditions, aiming at the best performance and lower environmental impact of the method. The methods developed obtained a score between 27 and 30, whereas the literature methods obtained a score between 47 and 50. In addition to having a lower environmental impact, the use of EtOH in complex matrix analyzes showed similar or higher selectivity than MeOH, allowing the identification of the constituents present in the extracts, being a less toxic and sustainable option.
The species Byrsonima intermedia ("murici-mirim") and Terminalia catappa ("castanets") have shown antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerogenic, analgesic and cicatrizant activities and have tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids in their composition. These species are potential candidates for the production of phytotherapics, and therefore, analytical methodologies are needed to identify the chemical constitution of these species, such as fingerprintings, for proving identity and quality control using, for example, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Despite the importance attached to this technique, large volumes of solvents are generated per year, such as the toxic solvent, acetonitrile, increasing the costs of treatment of the waste generated and its handling can cause damages to health and the environment, and an efficient way to reduce these impacts is the application of the concepts of Green Chemistry. Despite the importance attached to this technique, large volumes of toxic solvents are generated per year, such as acetonitrile (MeCN) and methanol (MeOH), increasing the costs of treatment of these wastes and their manipulation may cause damage to the health of analysts. An efficient alteration to reduce these impacts is the application of the concepts of Green Chemistry (GC). In this context, the objective of this work was to replace the MeOH by ethanol (EtOH) in CLAE-DAD analyzes to obtain fingerprintings of hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves of B. intermedia and T. catappa, using a multiparametric approach, applying the concepts of GC. For this, the chemometry was used in the analyzes by HPLC-DAD, using Fractional Factorial Design and Central Compound Design. After the optimization of the model the major substances of both species were identified by comparison of UV spectra and retention time with authentic standards. This work demonstrated that it was possible to replace the MeOH with EtOH without modifications in the equipment, only changing the solvent from optimized conditions, aiming at the best performance and lower environmental impact of the method. The methods developed obtained a score between 27 and 30, whereas the literature methods obtained a score between 47 and 50. In addition to having a lower environmental impact, the use of EtOH in complex matrix analyzes showed similar or higher selectivity than MeOH, allowing the identification of the constituents present in the extracts, being a less toxic and sustainable option.
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Palavras-chave
Murici, Castanhola, Química Verde, Quimiometria, Cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência