Viabilidade do nascimento de bezerros da raça nelore com mutação no gene da miostatina obtidos por congenia
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Data
2018-07-30
Autores
Paulussi, Karoline Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os animais congênicos possuem apenas uma região específica do cromossomo transferida de uma linhagem para outra através de cruzamentos monitorados por análises genéticas. Essa metodologia foi utilizada para produzir linhagem congênica de bovinos da raça Nelore carreando o polimorfismo no gene da miostatina proveniente do Belgian Blue. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar o peso ao nascimento, incidência de partos distócicos e taxa de mortalidade neonatal em animais de 3 variações genéticas para o gene da miostatina (homozigotos sem o polimorfismo, heterozigotos e homozigotos mutados). Animais homozigotos sem a mutação nasceram com 31,19 kg ± 0,32 kg, os heterozigotos com 35,82 kg ± 0,32 kg (diferença de 4,63 kg) e os homozigotos mutados nasceram com 40,46 ± 0,32 kg, com acréscimo médio de 9,26 kg acima dos bezerros homozigotos não mutados (p=2 x 10-16). Além disso bezerros machos apresentaram um acréscimo de 1,55 Kg em relação as fêmeas. A taxa de distocia dos bezerros homozigotos sem o polimorfismo e dos heterozigotos foram de 5,4% e 5,7%. A taxa de mortalidade dos bezerros homozigotos sem o polimorfismo e dos heterozigotos foram de 5,4% e 5,2%, dentro das normalidades esperadas. Entretanto, animais homozigotos mutados apresentaram altas taxas de distocia 47,5% e de mortalidade de bezerros 37,3%. Os dados indicam que a mutação no gene da miostatina quando em heterozigose gera um aumento de peso ao nascimento sem causar aumento de distocia ou de mortalidade neonatal. Concluímos que heterozigotos podem ser produzidos em larga escala, podendo ser uma estratégia vantajosa para aumentar a produtividade da pecuária de corte.
Congenic animals have only one chromosome specific region transferred from one lineage to another through crosses monitored by genetic analysis. This methodology was used to produce a Nellore cattle congenic line carrying the myostatin gene polymorphism from Belgian Blue. The objective of this study was to compare birth weight, incidence of dystocy and neonatal mortality rate in animals from the 3 genetic variations for the myostatin gene (homozygotes without the polymorphism, heterozygotes and mutated homozygotes). Homozygous animals without the mutation were born with 31,19 ± 0,32 kg, heterozygotes werte born with 35,82 ± 0,32 kg, a difference of 4,63 kg and the mutated homozygotes were born with 40,46 ± 0,319 kg, with an increase of 9,26 kg above homozygotes without the polymorphism calves (p = 2*10-16). In addition, male calves showed an increase of 1,55 kg in relation to females. The rates of dystocia of calves homozygous within polymorphism and heterozygotes were 5,4% e 5,7%. The rates of mortality of calves homozygous within polymorphism and heterozygotes were 5,4% e 5,2%, within expected normalities. However, mutated homozygous animals had high rates of dystocia (47.5%) and calves mortality (37.3%). The data indicate that mutation in the myostatin gene when in heterozygosis results in an increase birth weight without causing increased dystocia or neonatal mortality. We conclude that animals heterozygotes can be produced on a large scale, and may be an advantageous strategy to increase the productivity of beef cattle.
Congenic animals have only one chromosome specific region transferred from one lineage to another through crosses monitored by genetic analysis. This methodology was used to produce a Nellore cattle congenic line carrying the myostatin gene polymorphism from Belgian Blue. The objective of this study was to compare birth weight, incidence of dystocy and neonatal mortality rate in animals from the 3 genetic variations for the myostatin gene (homozygotes without the polymorphism, heterozygotes and mutated homozygotes). Homozygous animals without the mutation were born with 31,19 ± 0,32 kg, heterozygotes werte born with 35,82 ± 0,32 kg, a difference of 4,63 kg and the mutated homozygotes were born with 40,46 ± 0,319 kg, with an increase of 9,26 kg above homozygotes without the polymorphism calves (p = 2*10-16). In addition, male calves showed an increase of 1,55 kg in relation to females. The rates of dystocia of calves homozygous within polymorphism and heterozygotes were 5,4% e 5,7%. The rates of mortality of calves homozygous within polymorphism and heterozygotes were 5,4% e 5,2%, within expected normalities. However, mutated homozygous animals had high rates of dystocia (47.5%) and calves mortality (37.3%). The data indicate that mutation in the myostatin gene when in heterozygosis results in an increase birth weight without causing increased dystocia or neonatal mortality. We conclude that animals heterozygotes can be produced on a large scale, and may be an advantageous strategy to increase the productivity of beef cattle.
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Palavras-chave
Dystocia, Beef Cattle, Birth weight, Belgian Blue, Distocia, Bovinos, Peso ao nascer