Adaptabilidade e estabilidade de híbridos de milho para produção de grãos na segunda safra brasileira
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Data
2018-06-18
Autores
Carvalho, Ricardo Lozano Teixeira de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Genótipos superiores têm alta capacidade de produção e resistência às principais doenças, porém o efeito do ambiente pode alterar essas características. Quando plantados em várias localidades, os genótipos podem se comportar de maneira diferente devido a sua adaptabilidade a cada região e a interação destes com o ambiente. O uso de sementes não adaptadas a região e o manejo inadequado são as principais causas de baixo rendimento nas lavouras de milho. Genótipos que respondem ao manejo utilizado, e que se comportam de maneira estável são fundamentais para obtenção de boa produtividade. Com base nisso este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a adaptabilidade, estabilidade e produtividade de grãos de híbridos experimentais e comerciais de milho para a segunda safra brasileira. Foram avaliados 33 híbridos, na segunda safra de 2016, em 39 locais, divididos em três macrorregiões (Tropical Sul, Tropical Centro Oeste e Tropical Centro Leste). Com as médias de produtividade de grãos obtidas após a realização da análise de variância, foram estimados os parâmetros de adaptabilidade e estabilidade através de regressão linear bissegmentada. Os genótipos foram discriminados de acordo com sua adaptabilidade e estabilidade para cada região. Na região Tropical Sul o híbrido HC04 e HE16 são recomendados para ambientes favoráveis, pois respondem as melhorias de ambiente. Na região Tropical Centro Oeste o genótipo experimental HE16 também foi classificado como responsivo. E na tropical Centro Leste 85% dos genótipos foram estáveis. O genótipo HC07 é de adaptabilidade a ambientes desfavoráveis em todas as regiões. Os genótipos HC09 e HC10 são estáveis, de adaptabilidade ampla e com boa produtividade de grãos em todas as regiões.
Superior genotypes have a high production capacity and resistance to major diseases, but environment effect can alter these traits. When planted in multiple locations, genotypes may behave differently due to their adaptability to each region and interaction with the environment. The planting of seeds not adapted to a region and the management used is one of the main causes of low yields in corn crops. Genotypes that respond to the management and behave in a stable way are essential to obtain a good yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the adaptability, stability, and grain yield of experimental and commercial corn hybrids in the second Brazilian crop. Thirty-three hybrids were assessed in the second crop of 2016 in 39 sites divided into three macro-regions (Tropical South, Tropical Central West, and Tropical Central East). Adaptability and stability parameters were estimated by means of bissegmented linear regression with the average grain yield obtained after performing the analysis of variance. Genotypes were discriminated considering their adaptability and stability for each region. In the Tropical South region, the hybrids HC04 and HE16 are recommended for favorable environments since they respond to environmental improvements. The genotype HE16 was also recommended for favorable environments in the Tropical Central West. In the Tropical Center East 85% of hybrids were stable. The genotype HC07 is adaptable to unfavorable environments in all regions. The genotypes HC09 and HC10 are stable, with broad adaptability and good grain yield in all regions.
Superior genotypes have a high production capacity and resistance to major diseases, but environment effect can alter these traits. When planted in multiple locations, genotypes may behave differently due to their adaptability to each region and interaction with the environment. The planting of seeds not adapted to a region and the management used is one of the main causes of low yields in corn crops. Genotypes that respond to the management and behave in a stable way are essential to obtain a good yield. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the adaptability, stability, and grain yield of experimental and commercial corn hybrids in the second Brazilian crop. Thirty-three hybrids were assessed in the second crop of 2016 in 39 sites divided into three macro-regions (Tropical South, Tropical Central West, and Tropical Central East). Adaptability and stability parameters were estimated by means of bissegmented linear regression with the average grain yield obtained after performing the analysis of variance. Genotypes were discriminated considering their adaptability and stability for each region. In the Tropical South region, the hybrids HC04 and HE16 are recommended for favorable environments since they respond to environmental improvements. The genotype HE16 was also recommended for favorable environments in the Tropical Central West. In the Tropical Center East 85% of hybrids were stable. The genotype HC07 is adaptable to unfavorable environments in all regions. The genotypes HC09 and HC10 are stable, with broad adaptability and good grain yield in all regions.
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Palavras-chave
Zea mays, Interação genótipo x ambiente, Regressão bissegmentada, Genotype x environment interaction, Bissegmented regression