Produtividade de milho e atributos químicos do solo em função de aplicação de soro ácido de leite
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Data
2018-05-30
Autores
Queiroz, Samira Furtado de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O soro ácido de leite é um resíduo produzido em grande quantidade no Estado de Minas Gerais e em outros estados do Brasil, que pode ser utilizado como fertilizante. Os objetivos com este trabalho foram avaliar os atributos químicos do solo e a resposta de produtividade do milho à aplicação de soro ácido de leite. O experimento foi instalado em Frutal-MG, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico de textura média, e conduzido nos anos agrícolas 2014/2015 e 2015/2016, nas mesmas parcelas. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (doses de soro) e cinco repetições. As doses totais de soro foram equivalentes a 0, 62.500, 125.000, 187.500 e 250.000 L ha-1 por ano, as quais foram divididas em três aplicações, aos 15, 30 e 45 dias após a semeadura de milho, nos estádios V2, V4 e V6. Foram avaliados atributos químicos do solo, estado nutricional da planta e produtividade de grãos. Os valores de pH (CaCl2) aumentaram e os teores de (H+Al) diminuíram em função das doses de soro na camada de 0-20 cm. As bases trocáveis aumentaram no solo, no primeiro ano, pela aplicação do soro ácido de leite, nas camadas de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. No segundo ano, os teores de K+, Na+, Ca2+ e Mg2+ trocáveis aumentaram pela aplicação do soro, mas foram menores em relação ao primeiro ano, apesar das duas aplicações de soro, o que evidencia baixo efeito residual do soro quando aplicado em solos com CTC baixa, como o Latossolo no qual o experimento foi instalado. Da diminuição do (H+Al) e do aumento das bases resultou aumento nos valores de V% em ambas as camadas. As formas de N-mineral, NH4+ e NO3-, aumentaram nos dois anos agrícolas na camada de 20-40 cm com a aplicação do soro de leite. Os teores de Na+ não atingiram valores críticos, tanto no solo quanto nas plantas. Conclui-se que o soro ácido de leite proporcionou ganhos nas condições de fertilidade do solo, mas apesar de ter havido entrada de grandes quantidades de nutrientes via soro no ambiente de produção, houve efeito na produtividade de milho apenas no primeiro ano, com aumento na produção de grãos de 487 kg ha-1 com aplicação de 85.000 L ha-1 de soro.
Acid whey is a residue produced in large quantities in the State of Minas Gerais and in other states of Brazil, which can be used as fertilizer. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil and a maize yield response to the application of milk acid whey. The experiment was installed in Frutal-MG, in a typic Haplustox, and conducted in the agricultural years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the same plots. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (whey doses) and five replicates. The total doses of acid whey were equivalent to 0, 62,500, 125,000, 187,500 and 250,000 L ha-1 per year, and they were divided into three applications at 15, 30 and 45 days after maize sowing at stages V2, V4 and V6. Soil chemical attributes, plant nutritional status and grain yield were evaluated. The pH (CaCl2) values increased and the (H+Al) contents decreased as a function of the whey doses in the 0-20 cm layer. The exchangeable bases increased in the soil, in the first year, by the application of acid whey, in the layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. In the second year, the levels of exchangeable K+ , Na+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased with application of acid whey, but were lower in relation to first year, despite the two whey applications, which shows low residual effect of the whey when applied in soils with low CEC, as the Haplustox where the experiment was carried out. The increase of the bases and the decrease in the acids increase the values of bases saturation degree in both layers. The mineral-N, NH4 + and NO3 - forms, increased in two years in the 20-40 cm layer with a whey application. The Na+ contents did not reach critical values, both in the soil and in the plants. It was concluded that the acid whey provided gains in the soil fertility conditions, but despite the input of large amounts of nutrients via whey in the production environment, there was effect on maize yield only in the first year, with an increase in grain yield of 487 kg ha-1 with application of 85,000 L ha-1 of whey.
Acid whey is a residue produced in large quantities in the State of Minas Gerais and in other states of Brazil, which can be used as fertilizer. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil and a maize yield response to the application of milk acid whey. The experiment was installed in Frutal-MG, in a typic Haplustox, and conducted in the agricultural years 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, in the same plots. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments (whey doses) and five replicates. The total doses of acid whey were equivalent to 0, 62,500, 125,000, 187,500 and 250,000 L ha-1 per year, and they were divided into three applications at 15, 30 and 45 days after maize sowing at stages V2, V4 and V6. Soil chemical attributes, plant nutritional status and grain yield were evaluated. The pH (CaCl2) values increased and the (H+Al) contents decreased as a function of the whey doses in the 0-20 cm layer. The exchangeable bases increased in the soil, in the first year, by the application of acid whey, in the layers of 0-20 and 20-40 cm. In the second year, the levels of exchangeable K+ , Na+ , Ca2+ and Mg2+ increased with application of acid whey, but were lower in relation to first year, despite the two whey applications, which shows low residual effect of the whey when applied in soils with low CEC, as the Haplustox where the experiment was carried out. The increase of the bases and the decrease in the acids increase the values of bases saturation degree in both layers. The mineral-N, NH4 + and NO3 - forms, increased in two years in the 20-40 cm layer with a whey application. The Na+ contents did not reach critical values, both in the soil and in the plants. It was concluded that the acid whey provided gains in the soil fertility conditions, but despite the input of large amounts of nutrients via whey in the production environment, there was effect on maize yield only in the first year, with an increase in grain yield of 487 kg ha-1 with application of 85,000 L ha-1 of whey.
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Resíduo orgânico, Nitrogênio, Potássio, Sódio