Tolerância de genótipos de cana-de-açúcar a toxidez por alumínio, manganês e baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes
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Data
2018-08-02
Autores
Sousa, Francisco Bruno Ferreira de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisas científicas focadas em identificar genótipos tolerantes a estresse abiótico são altamente desejáveis, pois, o uso desses genótipos diretamente no campo, ou indiretamente em processos de melhoramento genético, permite reduzir custos de manejo do solo, da cultura e perdas de produtividade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a tolerância de 24 genótipos de cana-de-açúcar sob elevados teores de Al3+ e Mn2+, associado a baixa disponibilidade de nutrientes. Para trabalhar com elevado número de unidades experimentais, um novo sistema de hidroponia foi adaptado e testado neste trabalho. O ensaio foi instalado e conduzido em casa de vegetação em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, num esquema fatorial 24x2, correspondendo a 24 genótipos, dois tratamentos (com e sem estresse), com quatro repetições, totalizando 192 unidades experimentais. No tratamento sem estresse, as plantas foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva completa e no tratamento com estresse foi utilizada a mesma solução nutritiva com elevada acidez (4,0 ± 0,1) e com apenas 5% da sua concentração original, além da elevada concentração de alumínio (60 mg L-1) e manganês (700 mg L-1) ambos na forma de cloreto. Os genótipos RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902 e IAC91-1099 foram os que tiveram suas características biométricas menos afetadas pelo estresse proposto e consequentemente foram considerados os mais tolerantes. Por outro lado, os genótipos RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20 e CTC99-1906 foram os mais sensíveis ao estresse. Entre as variáveis o sistema radicular foi o mais afetado pelo estresse sendo que a maioria dos genótipos apresentaram mais de 70% de redução da biomassa da raiz. E não houve relação entre o nível de tolerância dos genótipos com os ciclos de maturação precoce, médio e tardio.
The scientific research focused on identifying and understanding abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use directly in the field or indirectly in breeding processes may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. This aim of this study was to determine the tolerance of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high contents of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with the low availability of nutrients. In order to work with a great number of experimental unities, a new way of hidroponic method was adapted and tested in this research. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 24 genotypes, two treatments (with and without stress), and four replications, totaling 192 experimental units. In the treatments without stress, plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatments with stress, a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and only 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1 ) and manganese (700 mg L-1 ), was used, both in the form of chloride. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902 and IAC91- 1099 were those that had their biometric characteristics less affected by the proposed stress and consequently were considered the most tolerant. genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were identified as the most sensitive to stress. Among the variables, the root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. And there was no relationship between the tolerance level of the genotypes with the cycles of early, middle and late maturation.
The scientific research focused on identifying and understanding abiotic stress-tolerant genotypes is highly desirable since their use directly in the field or indirectly in breeding processes may reduce costs of soil and crop management and productivity losses. This aim of this study was to determine the tolerance of 24 sugarcane genotypes under high contents of Al3+ and Mn2+ associated with the low availability of nutrients. In order to work with a great number of experimental unities, a new way of hidroponic method was adapted and tested in this research. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design, in a 24 × 2 factorial scheme, consisting of 24 genotypes, two treatments (with and without stress), and four replications, totaling 192 experimental units. In the treatments without stress, plants were grown in a complete nutrient solution whereas in the treatments with stress, a nutrient solution with a high acidity (4.0 ± 0.1) and only 5% of its original concentration, as well as a high concentration of aluminum (60 mg L-1 ) and manganese (700 mg L-1 ), was used, both in the form of chloride. The genotypes RB966928, RB855443, IACSP96-3060, SP81-3250, RB867515, CTC 21, RB965902 and IAC91- 1099 were those that had their biometric characteristics less affected by the proposed stress and consequently were considered the most tolerant. genotypes RB965917, CTC 15, CTC17, RB855536, CTC 2, CTC 20, and CTC99-1906 were identified as the most sensitive to stress. Among the variables, the root system was the most affected by stress, with most genotypes showing more than 70% reduction in root biomass. And there was no relationship between the tolerance level of the genotypes with the cycles of early, middle and late maturation.
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Palavras-chave
Casa de vegetação, Saccharum spp., Estresse abiótico, Sistema alternativo, Hidroponia