Eficácia de fungicida cúprico no controle das cercosporioses na cultura do amendoim
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2018-07-17
Autores
Souza, Matheus Bravo de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do amendoim representa uma excelente opção econômica e social para pequenos e médios produtores, uma alternativa importante para o aproveitamento de áreas agrícolas e ótima cultura para reforma dos canaviais. A cultura é, no entanto, afetada por vários problemas de ordem fitossanitária, com destaque às doenças, o principal fator para elevação dos custos de produção. As doenças fúngicas mancha-castanha e mancha-preta, causadas respectivamente por Cercospora arachidicola e Cercosporidium personatum, são responsáveis por perdas superiores a 50%, e às vezes a totalidade da produção, quando sob condições ambientais favoráveis aos patógenos e ausência de um bom manejo. Todas as cultivares empregadas são suscetíveis aos patógenos. O controle destas doenças é baseado no uso de fungicidas do grupo das estrobilurinas (IQe) e dos triazóis, combinado com os fungicidas protetores que visam também o manejo da resistência dos patógenos. São feitas até oito aplicações de fungicidas por safra, com intervalos entre as aplicações de no máximo 15 dias. Neste estudo, o controle das cercosporioses foi mediante o emprego do fungicida oxicloreto de cobre SC, aplicado isoladamente, em combinação com silício e fungicidas IQe, triazol e chlorothalonil. Os testes foram realizados com a cultivar IAC OL-3 in vitro e em campo agrícola. No teste in vitro, foi determinada a eficiência do oxicloreto de cobre SC na inibição da germinação de conídios de C. personatum comparando-o com o chlorothalonil. Já no teste a campo foram avaliados os melhores tratamentos para determinar a eficácia do fungicida cúprico no controle da C. arachidicola e C. personatum. O fungicida oxicloreto de cobre SC, foi eficiente na inibição da germinação de conídios de C. personatum in vitro nas doses de registro de 0,82 e 1,2 L ha-1, apresentando inibição entre 99% a 100%, a eficácia é comparável à dosagem empregada por chlorothalonil a 2,0 L ha-1. O emprego do posicionamento em campo agrícola do fungicida oxicloreto de cobre, na formulação SC, associado a chlorothalonil, piraclostrobina e epoxiconazol, mostra-se eficiente como medida complementar ao controle do complexo das cercosporioses na cultura do amendoim. O oxicloreto de cobre SC quando aplicado isoladamente a 1,2 L ha-1 não apresentou controle mínimo satisfatório. Não houve melhorias nos níveis de controle das cercosporioses quando do uso complementar de silício a 0,5 L ha-1.
Peanut crop represents an excellent economic and social option for small and medium producers, being an important alternative for using agricultural areas and a great crop for sugarcane field reform. However, this crop is affected by several phytosanitary problems, standing out the diseases, which are the main factors for increasing the production costs. The fungal diseases early and late leafspots, caused respectively by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum, are responsible for losses of more than 50%, sometimes reaching the entire production when environmental conditions are favorable to pathogens and there is no adequate management. All the cultivars are susceptible to these pathogens. The control of these diseases is based on the use of strobilurin (QoI) and triazole fungicides combined with protective fungicides that also aim at the management of pathogen resistance. Up to eight applications of fungicides are made per crop season, with intervals between applications of up to 15 days. In this study, the control of cercosporioses was carried out using the fungicide copper oxychloride SC, applied in isolation and in combination with silicon and the fungicides QoI, triazole, and chlorothalonil. The tests were carried out in vitro and under field conditions with the cultivar IAC OL-3. In the in vitro test, the efficiency of copper oxychloride SC in the inhibition of germination of conidia of C. personatum was determined by comparing it with chlorothalonil. In the field test, the best treatments were assessed to determine the effectiveness of the cupric fungicide in the control of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. The fungicide copper oxychloride SC was efficient in inhibiting the conidia germination of C. personatum in vitro at doses of 0.82 and 1.2 L ha−1, with an inhibition between 99 and 100%. Its effectiveness is comparable to the chlorothalonil at a dose of 2.0 L ha−1. The use of copper oxychloride SC associated with chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and epoxiconazole under field conditions is efficient as a complementary measure to control the cercosporioses in the peanut crop. The fungicide copper oxychloride SC, when applied in isolation at a dose of 1.2 L ha−1, did not present a satisfactory minimum control. No improvements were observed in the levels of control of the cercosporioses when using the silicon at a dose of 0.5 L ha−1.
Peanut crop represents an excellent economic and social option for small and medium producers, being an important alternative for using agricultural areas and a great crop for sugarcane field reform. However, this crop is affected by several phytosanitary problems, standing out the diseases, which are the main factors for increasing the production costs. The fungal diseases early and late leafspots, caused respectively by Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum, are responsible for losses of more than 50%, sometimes reaching the entire production when environmental conditions are favorable to pathogens and there is no adequate management. All the cultivars are susceptible to these pathogens. The control of these diseases is based on the use of strobilurin (QoI) and triazole fungicides combined with protective fungicides that also aim at the management of pathogen resistance. Up to eight applications of fungicides are made per crop season, with intervals between applications of up to 15 days. In this study, the control of cercosporioses was carried out using the fungicide copper oxychloride SC, applied in isolation and in combination with silicon and the fungicides QoI, triazole, and chlorothalonil. The tests were carried out in vitro and under field conditions with the cultivar IAC OL-3. In the in vitro test, the efficiency of copper oxychloride SC in the inhibition of germination of conidia of C. personatum was determined by comparing it with chlorothalonil. In the field test, the best treatments were assessed to determine the effectiveness of the cupric fungicide in the control of C. arachidicola and C. personatum. The fungicide copper oxychloride SC was efficient in inhibiting the conidia germination of C. personatum in vitro at doses of 0.82 and 1.2 L ha−1, with an inhibition between 99 and 100%. Its effectiveness is comparable to the chlorothalonil at a dose of 2.0 L ha−1. The use of copper oxychloride SC associated with chlorothalonil, pyraclostrobin, and epoxiconazole under field conditions is efficient as a complementary measure to control the cercosporioses in the peanut crop. The fungicide copper oxychloride SC, when applied in isolation at a dose of 1.2 L ha−1, did not present a satisfactory minimum control. No improvements were observed in the levels of control of the cercosporioses when using the silicon at a dose of 0.5 L ha−1.
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Palavras-chave
Arachis hypogaea L., Cercospora arachidicola, Cercosporidium personatum, Oxicloreto de cobre, Alto oleico