Definindo atitudes: sindicalismo de intenção revolucionária e as Escolas Modernas de São Paulo (1900-1919)
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Data
2018-08-28
Autores
Oliveira, Ivan Thomaz Leite de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A pesquisa apresentada questiona se, no movimento sindical nas duas primeiras décadas do século XX, no Brasil, havia posições estratégicas que influenciaram o grupo de militantes que coordenaram as escolas modernas na cidade de São Paulo? Partindo da bibliografia que sugere uma dissonância no grupo de diretores das escolas, trabalhamos com a hipótese de que os debates entre anarquistas partidários do anarcossindicalismo e do sindicalismo revolucionário no movimento operário reverberaram na atuação do grupo de militantes responsáveis pelas escolas modernas de São Paulo. Para buscar essa vinculação, é preciso delinear de maneira rigorosa a incidência do anarcossindicalismo no movimento operário brasileiro – majoritariamente sindicalista revolucionário - no período analisado e a integração das iniciativas no campo da educação a uma proposta mais ampla de transformação social construída na prática politica do anarquismo organizacionista. Com esses elementos buscaremos estabelecer um quadro social, econômico e político que situe o movimento operário no Brasil, dando enfoque a cidade de São Paulo e de modo superficial à cidade de Santos. Orientamos nossa pesquisa a esses lugares por sediarem as Escolas Modernas e os episódios mais relevantes para o desenvolvimento da hipótese de trabalho levantada que diz respeito influência dos embates estratégicos do movimento operário sobre a atuação do grupo de militantes e professores a frente das escolas, Florentino de Carvalho, João Penteado e Adelino de Pinho. Nesse sentido, além da capital, a cidade de Santos e os elementos relativos a classe trabalhadora e ao movimento operário desta são importantes para a analise uma vez que Florentino de Carvalho atuou e manteve contato decisivo com as concepções e práticas do movimento operário e dos anarquistas santistas.
The research presented questions whether there were strategic positions in the syndicalist movement in the first two decades of the twentieth century in Brazil that influenced the group of militants who coordinated the Escolas Modernas in the city of São Paulo. Starting from the bibliography that suggests a dissonance in the group of school directors, we work with the hypothesis that the debates between anarchists in favor of the finalism (anarcho-syndicalism) and of the revolutionary syndicalism in the labor movement reverberated in the action of the group of militants responsible for the Escolas Modernas of São Paulo. In order to seek this link, it is necessary to rigorously delineate the incidence of finalism (anarcho-syndicalism) in the Brazilian labor movement - predominantly revolutionary syndicalist - during the analyzed period and the integration of initiatives in the field of education with a broader proposal of social transformation built in the political practice of anarchism organizationist. With these elements we will seek to establish a social, economic and political framework that places the labor movement in Brazil, focusing on the city of São Paulo and superficially on the city of Santos. We orient our research to these places by hosting the Escolas Modernas and the most relevant episodes for the development of the hypothesis of work raised that concerns the influence of the strategic struggles of the labor movement on the performance of the group of activists and teachers in front of the schools, Florentino de Carvalho, João Penteado and Adelino de Pinho. In this sense, besides the capital, the city of Santos and the elements related to the working class and the labor movement of this one are important for the analysis since Florentino de Carvalho worked and maintained decisive contact with the conceptions and practices of the labor movement and the anarchists from Santos.
The research presented questions whether there were strategic positions in the syndicalist movement in the first two decades of the twentieth century in Brazil that influenced the group of militants who coordinated the Escolas Modernas in the city of São Paulo. Starting from the bibliography that suggests a dissonance in the group of school directors, we work with the hypothesis that the debates between anarchists in favor of the finalism (anarcho-syndicalism) and of the revolutionary syndicalism in the labor movement reverberated in the action of the group of militants responsible for the Escolas Modernas of São Paulo. In order to seek this link, it is necessary to rigorously delineate the incidence of finalism (anarcho-syndicalism) in the Brazilian labor movement - predominantly revolutionary syndicalist - during the analyzed period and the integration of initiatives in the field of education with a broader proposal of social transformation built in the political practice of anarchism organizationist. With these elements we will seek to establish a social, economic and political framework that places the labor movement in Brazil, focusing on the city of São Paulo and superficially on the city of Santos. We orient our research to these places by hosting the Escolas Modernas and the most relevant episodes for the development of the hypothesis of work raised that concerns the influence of the strategic struggles of the labor movement on the performance of the group of activists and teachers in front of the schools, Florentino de Carvalho, João Penteado and Adelino de Pinho. In this sense, besides the capital, the city of Santos and the elements related to the working class and the labor movement of this one are important for the analysis since Florentino de Carvalho worked and maintained decisive contact with the conceptions and practices of the labor movement and the anarchists from Santos.
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Palavras-chave
Anarquismo, Sindicalismo revolucionário, Anarcossindicalismo, Escola Moderna, Anarchism, Syndicalism, Anarcho-syndicalism, Modern School