Características associadas à sintomatologia de depressão em primeiranistas.
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Data
2018-08-10
Autores
Bastos, Elton Faria
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A adolescência consiste em uma etapa do ciclo vital que envolve transformações biológicas, físicas, comportamentais, sociais e emocionais. A escolha profissional e o ingresso na universidade em geral ocorrem durante essa fase, que é marcada por novas oportunidades. No entanto, eventos como a mudança de cidade, separação de amigos e familiares, dificuldades financeiras, vivenciais e relacionais podem dificultar a adaptação do primeiranista, gerando e/ou agravando problemas emocionais como depressão, estresse e ansiedade. Por consequência, podem levar ao insucesso e até à desistência de atividades acadêmicas. Objetivo: O presente estudo buscou investigar as associações entre sintomas depressivos e variáveis como: características demográficas, consumo de substâncias psicoativas, repertório de habilidades sociais e sintomas de ansiedade e/ou estresse. Método: O estudo foi realizado em uma universidade pública do oeste paulista. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário sociodemográfico, dos instrumentos: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) e Inventário de Habilidades Sociais (IHS). Participaram do estudo, 316 universitários primeiranistas. Destes, foram encontrados 186 adolescentes, sendo 160 do sexo feminino, com idade até 19 anos. A apuração dos escores no DASS-21 detectou 86 estudantes com indícios de sintomatologia moderada ou severa para depressão. Foram aplicados o teste Qui-quadrado e a análise bivariada, que mostraram associação entre sintomatologia depressiva e as variáveis: não ter religião, dividir despesas de estadia, não praticar atividades físicas regularmente, repertório abaixo da média para autoafirmação e conversação no Inventário de Habilidades Sociais e uso de tabaco, álcool e hipnóticos no instrumento ASSIST. A análise de regressão logística binária identificou o conjunto final de variáveis finalistas (preditivas) associadas a maior risco de sintomatologia depressiva: não ter religião, não ter bolsa de estudos, não praticar exercícios físicos regularmente, sintomas de ansiedade e estresse. Os dados apresentados nesta pesquisa podem subsidiar programas ou intervenções de natureza preventiva e /ou terapêutica em saúde mental, junto a primeiranistas.
Adolescence consists of a stage in the life cycle that involves biological, physical, behavioral, social, and emotional transformations. Professional choice and university entrance generally occur during this phase, which is marked by new opportunities. However, events such as city change, separation of friends and family, financial, experiential and relational difficulties can make it difficult to adapt to the first year, generating and / or aggravating emotional problems such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consequently, they can lead to failure and even to the abandonment of academic activities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between depressive symptoms and variables such as demographic characteristics, psychoactive substances consumption, social skills repertoire and anxiety and / or stress symptoms. Method: The study was conducted at a public university in western São Paulo. The data were obtained through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, of the instruments: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Social Skills Inventory (IHS). 316 university students participated in the study. Of these, 186 adolescents were found, of which 160 were female, aged up to 19 years. The DASS21 score found 86 students with indications of moderate or severe symptomatology for depression. The Chi-square test and the bivariate analysis were applied, which showed an association between depressive symptomatology and the variables: not having religion, dividing living expenses, not practicing physical activities regularly, below average repertoire for self-affirmation and conversation in the Social Skills Inventory and use of tobacco, alcohol and hypnotics in the ASSIST instrument. The binary logistic regression analysis identified the final set of finalist (predictive) variables associated with a higher risk of depressive symptomatology: not having religion, not having a scholarship, not practicing regular physical exercises, anxiety and stress symptoms. The data presented in this research may support programs or interventions of a preventive and / or therapeutic nature in mental health, together with university freshman.
Adolescence consists of a stage in the life cycle that involves biological, physical, behavioral, social, and emotional transformations. Professional choice and university entrance generally occur during this phase, which is marked by new opportunities. However, events such as city change, separation of friends and family, financial, experiential and relational difficulties can make it difficult to adapt to the first year, generating and / or aggravating emotional problems such as depression, stress and anxiety. Consequently, they can lead to failure and even to the abandonment of academic activities. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the associations between depressive symptoms and variables such as demographic characteristics, psychoactive substances consumption, social skills repertoire and anxiety and / or stress symptoms. Method: The study was conducted at a public university in western São Paulo. The data were obtained through the application of a sociodemographic questionnaire, of the instruments: Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) and Social Skills Inventory (IHS). 316 university students participated in the study. Of these, 186 adolescents were found, of which 160 were female, aged up to 19 years. The DASS21 score found 86 students with indications of moderate or severe symptomatology for depression. The Chi-square test and the bivariate analysis were applied, which showed an association between depressive symptomatology and the variables: not having religion, dividing living expenses, not practicing physical activities regularly, below average repertoire for self-affirmation and conversation in the Social Skills Inventory and use of tobacco, alcohol and hypnotics in the ASSIST instrument. The binary logistic regression analysis identified the final set of finalist (predictive) variables associated with a higher risk of depressive symptomatology: not having religion, not having a scholarship, not practicing regular physical exercises, anxiety and stress symptoms. The data presented in this research may support programs or interventions of a preventive and / or therapeutic nature in mental health, together with university freshman.
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Palavras-chave
Depressão, Ensino superior, Estudantes, Depression, Higher education, Students