O direito fundamental ao trabalho da pessoa com deficiência como meio de efetivação da cidadania: um enfoque labor-ambiental
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Data
2018-03-09
Autores
Carvalho, Fabiano
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) de 2010, divulgado em 2012, aponta que o Brasil possui 45,6 milhões de pessoas com deficiência, seja ela física, sensorial, intelectual ou múltipla, o que representa 24% da população brasileira; dos 44 milhões de pessoas com deficiência que estão em idade produtiva de trabalho, 53,8% estão desocupados ou desempregados. Quando essas pessoas possuem alguma ocupação, exercem-na à margem da economia nacional e, se empregadas, estão alheias ao cumprimento efetivo da legislação trabalhista, padecendo em seu próprio meio ambiente laboral. O Brasil reconhece o pleno emprego como direito fundamental às pessoas com deficiência, direito este consagrado pela Declaração Universal dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão e que, também, fora inserida na Declaração dos Direitos das Pessoas Deficientes, ambas aprovadas pela Assembleia Geral da Organização das Nações Unidas e que serviram de orientação para várias Convenções da Organização Internacional do Trabalho que foram, pelo Brasil, devidamente ratificadas. A Constituição da República de 1988 também reconhece como fundamental o direito ao pleno emprego das pessoas com deficiência, como também consagra o direito ao meio ambiente, inclusive o do trabalho, como bem essencial à sadia qualidade de vida, elevando à categoria de direito fundamental, notadamente agora, após a publicação da Lei nº 13.146, de 06 de junho de 2015, conhecida como “Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência”. Mesmo diante de toda a sistemática legal, 53,8% dos brasileiros com deficiência estão alheios à cadeia produtiva nacional, ensejando, assim, a verificação da existência ou não de políticas públicas que integram com a legislação específica e garantam a cidadania dessas pessoas através do trabalho. O objetivo do presente estudo é examinar a (in)existência de integração entre as normas e políticas públicas brasileiras que dispõem sobre o direito de acesso da pessoa com deficiência às atividades laborais e, consequentemente, à cadeia produtiva de bens e serviços, visando à identificação dos principais desafios para a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais desses trabalhadores à luz da perspectiva labor-ambiental. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, na modalidade explicativa, construída sob o método de levantamento através da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica e da coleta de dados por questionário e observação. Os dados foram analisados por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo, da perspectiva labor-ambiental e do método indutivo. Conclui-se que o Brasil possui normas que garantem às pessoas com deficiência o exercício de trabalho digno, no entanto, tais normas, embora atualizadas de acordo com as Convenções Internacionais em que o Brasil seja signatário, ainda carecem, para sua efetivação, de políticas públicas que garantam não apenas o acesso dessas pessoas ao trabalho, mas a sua inclusão em todo o contexto laboral.
The 2010 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) points out that Brazil has 45.6 million people with physical, sensory, intellectual or multiple disabilities, representing 24% of the Brazilian population; from 44 million people with disabilities who are of working age, 53.8% are unoccupied or unemployed. When these people have some occupation, they exercise it in the margins of the national economy and, if employed, are alien to the effective fulfillment of the labor legislation, suffering in their own working environment. Brazil recognizes full employment as a fundamental right for people with disabilities, a right enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights, which was also included in the Declaration of People with Disabilities Rights, both of them were approved by the United Nations General Assembly and which have served as orientation to various Conventions of the International Labor Organization which have been duly ratified by Brazil. The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 also recognizes as fundamental the right to full employment of people with disabilities, but also enshrines the right to the environment, including the work environment, as an essential to the healthy quality of life, elevated to the category of fundamental right, notably now, after the publication of Law 13.146, dated June 6, 2015, known as the "Statute of Person with Disabilities". Even in face of all legal systematic, 53.8% of Brazilians with disabilities are absent from the national productive chain, thus opportunizing the verification of existence or not of public policies that integrate with the specific legislation and guarantee the citizenship of these people through work. The aim of the present study is to examine the (in)existence of integration between the Brazilian public policies that provide for the right of access of disabled person to work activities and, consequently, to the productive chain of goods and services, aiming at the identification of the main challenges for the effectiveness of the fundamental rights of these workers in the light of the labor-environmental perspective. It is a qualitative research, in the explanatory modality, constructed under the survey method through the data collect by questionnaire, the bibliographic research technique and the case method. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, the labor-environmental perspective and the inductive method. Brazil has norms that guarantee to people with disabilities the exercise of worthy work; however, these norms, although updated in accordance with the International Conventions in which Brazil is a signatory, still need, for their effectiveness, public policies that guarantee not only their access to work, but their inclusion in the whole work context.
The 2010 Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) points out that Brazil has 45.6 million people with physical, sensory, intellectual or multiple disabilities, representing 24% of the Brazilian population; from 44 million people with disabilities who are of working age, 53.8% are unoccupied or unemployed. When these people have some occupation, they exercise it in the margins of the national economy and, if employed, are alien to the effective fulfillment of the labor legislation, suffering in their own working environment. Brazil recognizes full employment as a fundamental right for people with disabilities, a right enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human and Citizen Rights, which was also included in the Declaration of People with Disabilities Rights, both of them were approved by the United Nations General Assembly and which have served as orientation to various Conventions of the International Labor Organization which have been duly ratified by Brazil. The Brazilian Constitution of 1988 also recognizes as fundamental the right to full employment of people with disabilities, but also enshrines the right to the environment, including the work environment, as an essential to the healthy quality of life, elevated to the category of fundamental right, notably now, after the publication of Law 13.146, dated June 6, 2015, known as the "Statute of Person with Disabilities". Even in face of all legal systematic, 53.8% of Brazilians with disabilities are absent from the national productive chain, thus opportunizing the verification of existence or not of public policies that integrate with the specific legislation and guarantee the citizenship of these people through work. The aim of the present study is to examine the (in)existence of integration between the Brazilian public policies that provide for the right of access of disabled person to work activities and, consequently, to the productive chain of goods and services, aiming at the identification of the main challenges for the effectiveness of the fundamental rights of these workers in the light of the labor-environmental perspective. It is a qualitative research, in the explanatory modality, constructed under the survey method through the data collect by questionnaire, the bibliographic research technique and the case method. The data were analyzed using the content analysis technique, the labor-environmental perspective and the inductive method. Brazil has norms that guarantee to people with disabilities the exercise of worthy work; however, these norms, although updated in accordance with the International Conventions in which Brazil is a signatory, still need, for their effectiveness, public policies that guarantee not only their access to work, but their inclusion in the whole work context.
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Direito do Trabalho, Meio ambiente do trabalho, Política pública, Pessoa com deficiência, Cidadania, Citizenship, Labour law, People with disabilities, Public policy, Labour environment